U.S. Interest in the Baghdad Pact, U.S. Response to the Egyptian-Syrian-Saudi Pact, NSC 5428 Series, Development of the Eisenhower Doctrine, and Regional Petroleum Policies1
1. For previous documentation, see Foreign Relations, 1952–1954, vol. IX, Part 1, pp. 1 ff
61. Letter From the Secretary of State to the British Ambassador (Makins)
Source: Department of State, S/S–NEA Files: Lot 61 D 417. Top Secret. Drafted by Wilkins.
62. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Jordan
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 684A.86/9–855. Secret. Drafted by Burdett and approved by Jernegan who signed for Hoover. Also sent to Baghdad, Beirut, Cairo, Damascus, Jidda, Karachi, Tripoli, Paris, and Tel Aviv; repeated to London, Ankara, and Tehran.
63. Telegram From the Embassy in Egypt to the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 786.00/9–1155. Secret; Priority; Limit Distribution; Noforn. Repeated to London, Tel Aviv, Beirut, Damascus, Amman, Baghdad, and Jidda.
64. Telegram From the Embassy in Egypt to the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 786.00/9–1155. Secret; Priority; Limit Distribution; Noforn. Repeated to London, Tel Aviv, Beirut, Damascus, Amman, Baghdad, and Jidda.
66. Memorandum of Discussion at the 260th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, October 6, 1955, 10 a.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, NSC Records. Top Secret; Eyes Only. Drafted by Gleason on October 7. The time of the meeting is from the President’s Daily Appointment Books.
68. Memorandum of Discussion at the 261st Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, October 13, 1955
Source: Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, NSC Records. Top Secret. Prepared by Gleason on October 14.
69. Notes Prepared by the Secretary of State
Source: Department of State, NEA Files: Lot 58 D 460, Arab-Israeli Situation— General. Secret. The source text bears Secretary Dulles’ typed initials as drafting officer. George V. Allen’s handwritten notes of a conversation between Dulles and Egyptian Ambassador Hussein on October 17 appear on the reverse side of two of the pages. Allen’s memorandum of the Dulles–Hussein conversation is printed in vol. xiv, p. 604.
70. Memorandum of a Conversation, Department of State, Washington, October 20, 1955
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/10–2055. Secret. Drafted by Newsom.
71. Telegram From the Office of the Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/10–2655. Secret. Repeated to Ankara, Amman, Baghdad, London, and Geneva.
72. Circular Telegram from the Department of State to Certain Diplomatic Missions
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/10–2755. Secret. Drafted by Newsom and Dixon and approved by Allen who signed for Hoover. Sent to London, Ankara, Baghdad, Tehran, and Karachi; repeated to Paris for USRO, Rome for Maffitt, Cairo, Beirut, Damascus, Amman, Jidda, Tripoli, and Tel Aviv.
During discussions on October 26 in Paris with Foreign Secretary Macmillan and Prime Minister Zorlu, Secretary Dulles had agreed that the United States would have political and military liaison with the Baghdad Pact. Secto 41 from Geneva, October 27, conveyed Secretary Dulles’ decision on the matter and his request that the Department of State take necessary steps to assure effective liaison.(Ibid., 396.1–GE/10–2755) The memorandum of Dulles’ conversation with Macmillan on October 26 is printed in vol. XIV, p. 650.
73. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Jordan
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/10–2855. Secret. Drafted by Wilkins and Burdett and approved by Allen who signed for Hoover. Also sent to Tehran, Baghdad, Beirut, Cairo, Damascus, Jidda, Tel Aviv, Ankara, Karachi, Paris, and London.
74. Telegram From the Embassy in Iraq to the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/10–2955. Secret; Priority. Repeated to London, Ankara, Tehran, Karachi, and Paris.
75. Telegram From the Department of State to the Delegation at the Foreign Ministers Meeting, at Geneva
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 396.1–GE/10–2955. Secret. Drafted by Allen and approved by Hoover.
76. Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/11–155. Secret. Repeated to Ankara, Baghdad, Beirut, Damascus, London, and Geneva.
77. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Turkey
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/11–255. Secret; Priority. Drafted by Kitchen and Allen who approved and signed for Hoover. Repeated to London, Amman, and Geneva for Secretary Dulles.
78. National Intelligence Estimate
Source: Department of State, INR–NIE Files. Top Secret. According to a note on the cover sheet, “The following intelligence organizations participated in the preparation of this estimate: The Central Intelligence Agency, and the intelligence organizations of the Departments of State, the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, and The Joint Staff.” It was concurred in by the Intelligence Advisory Committee on November 8.
In Tosec 195 to Geneva, November 8, the Department of State informed Secretary Dulles that the conclusions of the NIE were being cabled to him and that it had been prepared “on crash basis at direction Acting Secretary.” (Ibid.,, Central Files, 396. 1–GE/11–855)
79. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Iraq
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/10–2955. Secret; Priority. Drafted by Newsom and approved by Wilkins who signed for Hoover. Also sent Priority to Ankara, London, Karachi, and Tehran.
80. Telegram From the Embassy in Iraq to the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5.11–2155. Secret; Priority. Repeated to Tehran, London, Ankara, and Karachi.
81. Memorandum of Discussion at the 267th Meeting of the National Security Council, Camp David, Maryland, November 21, 1955
Source: Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, NSC Records. Top Secret. Prepared by Gleason on November 22.
82. Telegram From the Embassy in Iraq to the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/11–2455. Secret; Priority. Repeated Priority to London, Ankara, Amman, and Beirut.
83. Letter From Foreign Secretary Macmillan to Secretary of State Dulles
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.5/11–2955. Secret. The salutation and closing of the letter are handwritten. Forwarded to the Department of State in despatch 1233 from London, November 29. The text of the message was transmitted to the Department of State in telegram 2170, November 25. (Ibid., 780.5/11–2555)
In telegram 2173, November 26, Ambassador Aldrich transmitted a report of his conversation with Macmillan on November 25 during which they discussed the contents of Macmillan’s message. Aldrich reported that Macmillan had emphasized that it was of the highest importance that the United States adhere to the Baghdad Pact as soon as possible. Aldrich recommended, “I believe we should do everything possible to act favorably on suggestions made in Macmillan’s message including joining Baghdad Pact as soon as possible.” (Ibid., 780.00/11–2655)
84. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Allen) to the Secretary of State
Source: Department of State, S/S–NSC Files: Lot 63 D 351, NSC 5428 Series. Secret. Drafted by William M. Rountree and Ben F. Dixon.
85. Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State (Hoover) to the Secretary of State
Source: Department of State, S/S–NSC Files: Lot 63 D 351, NSC 5428 Memos. A handwritten notation on the source text indicates that it was seen by Secretary Dulles.
87. Memorandum From Elbert G. Mathews of the Policy Planning Staff to the Director (Bowie)
Source: Department of State, S/P Files: Lot 66 D 70, Near and Middle East. Secret.
89. Despatch From the Embassy in Iraq to the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 101.21–NIS/1–656. Top Secret.