[Tab C]
Organization for Cooperative Action Under
Articles II and IV, 2 of the Manila Pact5
1. Multilateral Organization
There should be set up in the territory of one of the Asian members of
the Pact a Working Group consisting of a National Representative of each
of the members assisted by such small international secretariat as may
be required to prepare, circulate and file documents, and minutes of
meetings. It would be contemplated that each National Representative on
the Working Group would devote his full time to this matter. Such
Representatives, with the exception of the Representative of the host
country, could be attached
[Page 984]
to
their respective diplomatic missions for administrative support.
It would be envisaged that it would remain the primary responsibility of
the national authorities of each member to take action within their
respective countries against communist subversion and that the role of
the other members would be to support and cooperate with the efforts of
such national authority. When the National Representative of a country
reports to the Working Group his country’s need for assistance in a
given field, as for instance information on training of police
authorities, the other National Representatives might be asked to extend
assistance in those fields in accordance with the capabilities of their
respective authorities.
2. U.S. Government Machinery
As a means of back-stopping the U.S. Representatives on the Working Group
mentioned above, it is recommended that a Committee consisting of a
representative each of State, Defense, and CIA be set up in Washington. It would be the function of
this Committee to furnish ideas and other support to the U.S.
Representative on the Working Group, and to backstop his requests for
U.S. assistance. This Committee should call upon other agencies of the
Government for appropriate support and assistance where necessary. The
Committee could request the designated representatives of their
Departments on the OCB to seek OCB support, on an ad
hoc basis, for a project approved by the Committee. The
Committee should be chaired by the State representative, who in the
light of the Secretary’s request that the Deputy Assistant Secretary for
Far Eastern Affairs be the point of responsibility in FE for work on the Manila Pact, would
initially be that official.
3. State Department Organization for
Back-Stopping the State Representative on the Washington
Committee
The State Department Chairman of the Washington Committee should be
back-stopped by a Group of representatives of the interested bureaus and
offices of the Department. These would include C, NEA, EUR, FE,
S/P, R,
P, and U/OP and such other experts and
officials as the Group might consider appropriate from time to time. It
would be the function of this Group to supply from Departmental sources
information and support to the State representative on the Washington
Committee. The Chairman of this Group would initially be the State
representative on the Washington Committee.
[Tab D]
Possible Elements of a Program for Cooperative
Action Under Articles II and IV, 2, of the Manila Pact6
1. Suggested Limitations upon a
Program
- a.
- Economic Assistance. Economic assistance
and development is certainly one important means of countering
communist subversion. From the U.S. point of view, however, it would
not be useful to confine a U.S. economic program to the countries
who are members of the Manila Pact. U.S. economic programs now under
consideration tentatively envisage the possibility of some use of
the “Colombo plan” organization. In any case, however, since Japan
is not a member of the Manila Pact and since any U.S. economic
program in the Far East would be devised with Japanese interests in
mind we should avoid extensive discussions in the economic field
within the framework of the Manila Pact.
- b.
- Military Assistance. Our view of the Manila
Pact has consistently been that it is different from NATO in that there is no expectation
of building up important local military forces within the framework
of the Manila Pact. We therefore should also discourage extensive
discussion of levels of military forces within the framework of the
Manila Pact.
2. General Outline of a Possible
Program
Because of the limitations which it seems useful for us to place upon the
type of activities to combat communist subversion that could
appropriately be discussed and undertaken within the framework of the
Manila Pact, it seems clear that the primary fields of useful effort
would be: the development of adequate standards of security for
classified materials; exchange of information on communist subversion;
cooperative training and assistance in the development of local security
forces; and cooperation in information and political warfare activities.
Elements of a program in these fields might be of the following nature:
- a.
- Exchange of information on security practices with reference
to classified materials, and establishment of satisfactory
standards of security in dealing with such materials. (There are
useful precedents for such a program in the development of
NATO security
practices.)
- b.
- Exchange of information on communist personalities, and
communist subversive activities and propaganda within the states
of the Treaty area.
- c.
- Exchange of information on measures against communist
subversion taken or contemplated by the Treaty members.
- d.
- Preparation of recommendations for cooperative efforts to
strengthen local police and security forces through (1) exchange
of
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views and
experience as to how to use such forces in combatting communism;
(2) arrangements for cooperation in training of local police and
security forces; (3) cooperation in devising effective
indoctrination of such forces.
- e.
- Preparation of recommendations for cooperation in developing
effective propaganda and information activities, and for
developing ways in which the overt and covert information
agencies of the member countries might help each other.
- f.
- Exploration of methods of cooperating in the development of:
non-communist labor organizations; useful civic organizations
such as those in the Community Center Movement in the
Philippines; and exchange of persons in the cultural and
educational fields.
- g.
- Exploration of such semi-covert political warfare activities
as might usefully be undertaken within the Manila Pact
framework. (An example might be cooperation in countering the
Pan-Thai activities of the Chinese Communists.)
