Index

• Adams, John Quincy, 71n
• Adams, Sherman, 93n
• Adenauer, Konrad, 71, 732
• Air Force, U.S., 34–36, 43, 54
• Albania, 186
• Aldrich, Winthrop W., 51, 137–138, 311n, 313n, 318n, 355n, 363n, 365n, 366–367, 369n, 376n, 408–410, 418–423, 426–428
• Allen, George V.:
  • Cyprus dispute, 273n, 278, 299n, 300n, 316n, 325n, 351, 352, 353, 358, 360n-361n, 371, 379, 392n, 426n, 429–430, 441, 442, 444n, 452, 458n, 459–460, 462n, 467, 468n, 475, 479–481, 492n, 495n
  • Greece, 530–531, 544n, 558n, 561–562, 568–569, 570–571, 572–573, 580–581, 594–596, 602
  • Turkey, 633–636, 642–643, 647–649, 658, 677, 686–687, 688, 691
• American Committee for Liberation from
• Bolshevism, 13, 16, 18
• Amerika, 213, 216
• Amory, Robert, Jr., 38n
• Anderson, Dillon, 44, 218, 220n, 226, 229, 230, 231, 233, 235–236, 654, 656–657, 680–682, 683, 684
• Anderson, Robert B., 628n, 631n, 639n
• Andreyev, A.A., 3
• Angleton, James, 105n, 110n
• Arab-Israeli conflict, 662, 677–678, 736
• Armitage, Sir Robert, 309n
• Armour, Norman, 697–698, 699–700, 701
• Armstrong, W. Park, Jr., 31–32, 36, 54, 61, 63n, 104n, 107n, 109n, 115–116, 117n, 124n, 527n, 540–541
• Arneson, R. Gordon, 149–150, 183–184
• Attlee, Clement R., 8
• Austria, 280, 352, 535
• Averoff-Tossizza, M. Evangelos, 396, 405, 409, 413, 414, 417–418, 424, 426n, 428, 429, 436–437, 438–439, 441, 442, 444n, 452, 453–455, 459–460, 479n, 480, 482–483, 492n, 495n, 497n, 507, 514–516, 524, 525, 526
• Baghdad Pact, 438, 532, 700, 702–703, 705, 710, 711–712, 721, 742
• Balkan Pact, 529, 601, 621, 721
• Barbour, Walworth, 35n, 329n, 346–347, 352, 353, 401–403, 408, 412n, 418–428, 444n, 496, 497, 500
• Barker, William, 256n
• Barnes, Robert G., 51n, 62, 219n, 316n, 544n, 573, 575
• Baxter, William O., 275n, 277n, 285n, 297n, 301, 325n, 344n, 349n, 379, 381n, 530n, 534, 541, 544n, 635, 637n, 639, 643–644, 647, 659n, 674n, 675, 685n, 686n
• Bayar, Celal, 378, 513n, 651–653, 659n, 666–668, 670, 695, 712n, 719, 740
• Beam, Jacob D., 41n, 54–55, 73n, 85–87, 99n, 107n, 109n, 117, 127, 219n, 256
• Beeley, Harold, 506
• Belcher, Taylor G., 354n
• Bennett, W. Tapley, Jr., 35n, 692n, 693
• Beria, Lavrenty P., 24, 26, 28, 57, 69, 98
• Berlin, Isaiah, 157, 158, 159
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 25n, 31n, 41n, 42n, 44n, 45n, 54, 62, 146n
• Berry, James L., 583–585, 693
• Bevan, Aneurin, 8
• Birgi. See Nuri Birgi, M.
• Black, Eugene R., 719
• Blair, William M., Jr., 252
• Blake, Robert O., 253n, 256
• Bohlen, Charles E., 23n, 44, 51, 52, 58, 62, 82, 93–94, 119, 136, 153n, 159
  • East-West exchanges, 256–257
  • Ideology, role in Soviet affairs, 160–161
  • Khrushchev’s “secret speech” on Stalin, 72, 103–104, 107, 111–113, 114–115
  • Military-Party political conflict, 172, 174–176
  • Molotov’s resignation, 108–109
  • Purge of Presidium members, 157–161
  • Soviet leaders, conversations with, 65–72, 113–115, 138–139
  • Soviet leadership, 30, 94–95, 139–141
  • U.S. intelligence operations against Soviet Union, 37, 55
  • Zhukov, assessment of, 174–175
• Bonn, John T., 35
• Boteler, William P., 367
• Bowie, Robert R., 61–62, 93, 117, 218, 219n, 392n, 488, 715
• Brentano, Heinrich von, 71
• Brewster, Herbert D., 327n, 632n, 633, 637n, 715n, 743n
• Brezhnev, Leonid I., 143
• British Guiana, 283
• Bronk, Dr., 162, 165
• Brown, Elizabeth A., 443n, 455n, 503n
• Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 192, 195, 196, 197, 198, 224, 233–235, 236, 266n
• Brundage, Percival, 235
• Bulganin, Nikolai A., 31, 39, 40, 56, 71, 95n, 108, 138, 147, 151, 174, 253
  • Disarmament policy, 66, 70, 155
  • Eisenhower, attitude toward, 65–66
  • Election to premiership, 23–24
  • Friendship and cooperation treaty with U.S., proposed, 41, 42, 47, 53–54, 61, 62
  • Heads of State meeting (1955), 33, 210, 214
  • U.K. visit, 96, 122
  • U.S. access to, 43–44, 66–67
• Bundy, McGeorge, 218
• Burdett, William C., Jr., 379
• Burgess, Randolph, 718
• Burke, Adm. Arleigh, 155
• Butterworth, W. Walton, 276–277, 279–280, 282–284
• Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 155, 215n, 547
• Caccia, Sir Harold, 445n, 448, 449, 450, 456n, 483–484, 496n, 506, 510
• Calligas, Stephen, 322n
• Canada, 191
• Canelopoulos, Panayotis, 274n, 275, 301, 302, 303, 540
• Cannon, Cavendish W.:
  • Cyprus dispute, 274n, 276n, 278n, 300n, 301–303, 304n, 309, 311–313, 315–316, 326n, 329, 340n, 341, 345n-346n, 347–348, 349, 350, 354n, 356n, 396
  • U.S.-Greek relations, 534, 537–538, 539, 545–546, 550, 552–553, 563, 564–565, 569n, 570–571, 572n
• Capehart, Homer E., 308, 662
• Cavalierato, Phedon A., 430, 573, 575, 577
• Central Intelligence Agency, 60, 148
  • De-Stalinization program, report on, 128–136
  • Khrushchev’s “secret speech,” 105n, 110n, 115–116
  • Soviet leadership situation, report on, 38–40
  • Zhukov’s removal, assessment of, 169–170
• China, People’s Republic of, 7, 163, 186, 198
  • De-Stalinization program, reaction to, 87, 88, 129
  • U.S. policy toward, 9–10
  • War with U.S., possible, 7–10, 61
• Churchill, Sir Winston S., 305, 534
• Clark, Bob, 22, 50
• Cline, Ray, 105n, 110n
• Cochran, H. Merle, 633, 673, 676, 682, 687, 716
• Collins, Gen. J. Lawton, 548–549
• Collins, V. Lansing, 746
• Commerce, U.S. Department of, 209, 230–231
• Communist periodicals, importation into U.S., 206–210, 212
• Congress, U.S., 165, 352
• Coulson, Sir John E., 368–369, 415, 491n
• Courtney, Raymond, 330–331, 333, 336, 338n, 339n, 340n, 341–343, 355, 393n
• Coyne, J. Patrick, 194n, 208n
• Crain, Mary G., 281n, 327n, 336
• Gumming, Hugh S., Jr., 154–156, 169, 172, 174, 180–182, 190–191, 733
• Cutler, Robert, 2, 3–6, 7, 10, 25, 147, 162, 163, 164, 165, 192, 195–196, 197, 198, 199, 208–209, 218–219, 266n, 488, 612–613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 707, 708, 717–719, 727n
• Cyprus dispute, 533, 536
  • Amnesty issue, 342–343, 413–414, 480
  • Commonwealth status, proposal for, 406
  • Conference, proposed, 470–471
  • Eisenhower-Karamanlis meetings, 428, 433, 523–525
  • Eisenhower’s letter to Karamanlis, 340–341
  • Greek perspective on, 587–588, 602
  • Greek political situation, impact on, 270, 354, 442, 446–447, 457, 523–524, 526, 561–562
  • Greek sovereignty, Turkish opposition to, 351–352, 378–379, 382, 391, 454, 471, 721
  • Greek terms for resolution, 383, 413–414
  • Greek-Turkish discussions, proposed, 423–424, 426n, 427, 429–430, 433, 435, 437, 438, 495, 512, 518, 521, 523–525
  • Greek-Turkish violence, 280, 281, 284–285, 287, 364, 549
    • Reparations issue, 327–328, 551–552
    • U.S. response, 288–289, 290, 308, 327–328, 543, 651
  • Makarios’ deportation, 346–347
    • Greek reaction to, 347–348
    • U.K. position, 352–353
    • U.S. position, 348n, 349–350, 352, 355
  • Makarios’ release, 469–470, 472
    • Greek position, 414, 431, 459–460
    • Turkish reaction, 471–472
    • U.K. position, 409, 462n, 465, 467
    • U.S. position, 363, 386, 410n, 444, 460, 466, 467–468, 469
  • Makarios’ visit to London, 481
  • Military bases issue, 454, 502
  • Montgomery’s assessment of, 517–519, 520–521
  • NATO as mechanism to resolve, 289–290, 356–357, 360–361, 362
    • Greek position, 464n, 465, 468n
    • Spaak’s mediation efforts, 518, 521, 525–526
    • “Three-man commission” proposal, 461n, 462–464, 465–466, 470
    • Turkish position, 450, 470
    • U.S. initiative, proposed, 384, 385–392
    • U.S. position, 444, 447, 462–464
  • Partition option, 365n
    • Greek-Turkish discussions re, proposed, 437, 438
    • Turkish position, 437, 450, 512, 513n
    • U.K. position, 427, 450, 474, 518
    • U.S. position, 512, 513, 518
  • Plebiscite to determine island’s future, proposed, 417, 442, 463
  • Security treaty, proposed, 366, 369, 370, 371n, 372, 373, 377
  • Self-determination:
    • Greek position, 313, 395, 414, 417–418, 434–435
    • Makarios’ position, 320n
    • Timetable for, 361–362
    • Turkish position, 313, 358
    • U.K. position, 314, 370, 420–421, 422, 429
    • U.S. position, 298, 305, 310–313, 340–341, 352
  • Self-determination, U.K. proposal (Nov. 1955):
    • Failure of, 346–347
    • Greek position, 316n, 317n, 318n, 321, 322–325, 326n, 328–329, 339–340, 345
    • Harding–Makarios negotiations, 306, 309, 310, 311, 329n, 330, 332–335, 336–337, 339–340, 346–347, 562
    • Makarios’ position, 319–320, 323, 332n, 333–334, 338n, 339n, 342–343
    • Text of, 314, 335–336
    • U.K. position, 321, 343–344, 355n
    • U.S. efforts to facilitate agreement, 315–318, 322–326, 328–331, 332n, 333, 335n, 336–339, 341–343, 344–345, 354–355
  • Self-determination, U.K. proposal based on Radcliffe constitution (June 1956), 376, 379
    • Provisions of, 366n, 368–369, 373
    • Turkish position, 368, 372, 377, 379
    • U.K. statement on, 370–371
    • U.K.-Turkish negotiations, 366–367
    • U.S. informed of, 368–369
    • U.S. position, 371–376, 380, 381–382
  • Self-government, proposed U.K.-Cypriot negotiations, 475–478
    • U.S. position, 461n, 463, 473–475
  • Self-government, U.K. proposal (Sept. 1955), 279–280 [Page 754]
    • Greek position, 286, 296, 306
    • Provisions of, 294–295
    • Turkish position, 281–282, 295, 306
    • U.S. position, 282–284, 286–287
  • Self-government, U.K. proposal based on Radcliffe constitution (July 1956), 379–380
    • Formulation of constitution, 402–403, 409, 421
    • Greek position, 381, 401–403, 410–411, 413, 433, 436–437, 438–440, 447–448
    • Publication of constitution, 426–427, 437
    • Turkish position, 423–426, 427, 437
    • U.K.-Greek meeting on, possible, 401–403
    • U.S. efforts to mediate agreement (see U.S. envoy below)
    • U.S. position, 380, 381–382, 440, 441
  • Skouras’ mediation efforts, 382–383, 405–406
  • Spaak’s mediation efforts, 513, 518, 521, 525–526
  • Strategic importance of Cyprus and, 283, 364–365
  • Suez crisis and, 429, 434
  • Terrorist activities, 334, 364, 367, 465
    • Cessation of, U.K. response to, 393–394
    • Greece’s responsibility for, 358–359, 395, 407
    • Makarios’ involvement in, 333, 337n, 346, 353, 480–481
  • “Tridominium of responsibility” proposal (Sept. 1957), 500–502, 508–511
  • Tripartite Conference of 1955, 292, 542–543
    • Convening date, 274–275
    • Greek assessment of, 276n, 285–286
    • Proposal for, 272–274
    • U.K. proposal for self-government, 279–280
    • U.K. strategy, 275, 276–277
    • U.S. position, 277–279
  • Tripartite Conference of 1957, proposed, 483–484, 497, 505
    • Greek position, 486, 497n
    • U.K. position, 483–484, 487, 498n
    • U.S. communications with Greeks and Turks, 489–492
    • U.S. position, 485–488
  • Trusteeship to replace British rule, proposed, 277n, 479, 482–483
  • U.K., demonstrations against, 275–276
  • U.K. Labor Party resolution, 510, 513, 515
  • U.K. policies, Greek attitude toward, 271–272
  • U.K. “unilateral” strategy, 421–422
  • UNGA consideration of (9th session), 269–270, 504
  • UNGA consideration of (10th session), 303, 504
    • Greek position, 300–302, 534, 544
    • Thurston’s views on, 290–291
    • U.K. position, 292–293, 294–297, 303, 304
    • U.S.-Greek relations, impact on, 302–303, 304
    • U.S. position, 287–288, 293–294, 297–300, 301–302
  • UNGA consideration of (11th session), 436n, 442, 504–505, 452
    • Debate, 455–457
    • Greek position, 362, 412, 414, 419, 428–429, 431–432, 453–455
    • “Item at. end of agenda” proposal, 419–420, 421–422, 427, 429
    • Karamanlis’ speech, 428–429
    • U.K. position, 402, 407–408, 409, 415–416, 419, 421–422, 427, 444n, 455–456n
    • U.S. position, 407–408, 410n, 411–412, 415–416, 431, 432–433, 448–450, 451–453
    • U.S. resolution, proposed, 443–444, 446
    • U.S.-U.K. relations, impact on, 445, 448–450, 452
  • UNGA consideration of (12th session), 352, 412n, 458, 502n, 503, 507, 511
    • Greek position, 507–508, 514–516
    • Resolution, vote on, 521–522
    • U.S. position, 503–508, 516–517
  • U.S. envoy:
    • Appointment of, 403–405
    • Greek representatives, meetings with, 412–415, 417–418, 426n
    • Proposal for, 398–400
    • Report of, 434–436
    • Turkish representatives, meetings with, 415, 422–426
    • U.K. representatives, meetings with, 408–412, 418–423, 426–428
  • U.S. initiative, proposed, 384, 385–392, 460–462
  • U.S. mediation of, proposed, 395, 397, 401
  • U.S. policy toward settlement, 385, 488–489, 493–494
  • U.S. private funds for Makarios, 353
  • U.S. role in resolving, 394–396, 521–522
  • U.S.-U.K. secret discussions (Aug. 1957), 485, 496–503, 518
  • Western world endangered by, 447, 449–450
• Czechoslovakia, 186, 252
• Dale, William N., 510
• Davis, Clement, 358
• Davis, Nathaniel, 144, 145–146
• Davis, Richard H., 93–95
• Dearborn, F.M., 182
• Declaration of Washington of 1956, 411
• Defense, U.S. Department of, 231–233, 236–242, 578, 611
• Denmark, 190, 191
• Dennis, Eugene, 118, 134
• De-Stalinization program. See under Soviet Union.
• Dewey, Maj. Gen. L.R., 659, 666, 697–701
• Dewey, Thomas, 691
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 267, 408, 412, 417, 418, 420, 423, 426, 695, 718
• Disarmament, 66, 70–71, 154–156, 190
• Dixon, Ben, 557n
• Dixon, Sir Pierson, 415
• Dodge, Joseph M., 617–618
• Draper, William H., Jr., 631
• Dulles, Allen W., 2–3, 105, 198
  • Cyprus dispute, 472
  • East-West exchanges, 197, 198
  • Greece, 457, 544–545, 562–563, 571, 602
  • Soviet Union, 42n, 128, 187
    • Cominform, dissolution of, 95–96
    • Communist Party 20th Congress, 59–60
    • De-Stalinization program, 73–74, 75, 87–88, 118–119, 120, 123, 136
    • Khrushchev’s “secret speech,” U.S. publication of, 110n
    • Leadership changes, 25–27, 29, 142, 146–148
    • Military-Party political conflict, 177–178
    • Satellites (Sputnik), 162–163, 165, 167n
    • U.S. political warfare against, 5, 6–7, 25, 110n
  • Warsaw Pact, establishment of, 29, 30
• Dulles, John Foster, 2, 122, 198, 438, 535
  • Cyprus dispute, 270–272, 305, 306, 307, 309–310, 343, 357–359, 362–363, 371, 379, 406, 433, 454–455, 464, 495, 517, 534, 536
    • Greek political situation, impact on, 446–447
    • Greek-Turkish violence due to, 289n, 308, 327–328
    • Makarios’ release, 444, 467–468, 469
    • NATO as mechanism to resolve, 356–357, 360–361, 362, 444, 447, 450, 462n
    • Partition option, 365n, 512–513
    • Security treaty, proposed, 372, 373
    • Self-determination, timetable for, 361–362
    • Self-determination, U.K. “new formula” proposal (Nov. 1955), 314, 316–318, 321, 325–326, 336–340, 343, 344–345
    • Self-determination, U.K. proposal based on Radcliffe constitution (June 1956), 368–369, 371–374, 375–376, 380
    • Self-determination, U.S. position on, 310–311, 313n
    • Self-government, U.K. proposal based on Radcliffe constitution (July 1956), 380, 381–382, 436–437, 438–440, 441, 447–448
    • Skouras’ mediation efforts, 382–383, 405–406
    • Spaak’s mediation efforts, 525–526
    • “Tridominium of responsibility” proposal (Sept. 1957), 508–510, 511
    • Tripartite Conference of 1955, 272, 273–275, 277–279, 286
    • Tripartite Conference of 1957, proposed, 484, 487, 489–491
    • Trusteeship to replace British rule, proposed, 482–483
    • U.K., demonstrations against, 275–276
    • UNGA consideration of (9th session), 269–270
    • UNGA consideration of (10th session), 292, 293–294, 299, 300n, 304
    • UNGA consideration of (11th session), 407–408, 411–412, 415–416, 443–444, 445, 446, 448–455, 456n
    • UNGA consideration of (12th session), 503–508, 514–516
    • U.S. envoy to work toward resolution, 398, 400n, 403–405, 410–412, 458
    • U.S. initiative, proposed (Aug. 1956), 384
    • U.S. role in resolving, Turkish criticism of, 521–522
    • U.S.-U.K. secret discussions (Aug. 1957), 496–499
    • Western world endangered by, 447, 449–450
  • Decision-making in government, views on, 683–684
  • East-West exchanges, 193, 196, 197, 211–214, 215, 217n, 218, 219n, 220n, 224, 226–229, 231–237, 239–242, 246n, 250n, 254, 258–259, 266n
  • Greece, 308, 527n, 532, 535–536, 538, 540, 544, 550n, 558, 562, 581, 593n
  • Heads of State meeting (1955), 33–34
  • Khrushchev, assessment of, 119–120
  • Middle East Defense Organization plan, 532–534
  • Soviet Union, 60, 93n, 121, 146, 149, 154, 182, 190
    • Communist parties worldwide, control of, 31–32
    • De-Stalinization program, 74–75, 82n, 100, 117, 127–128
    • Eisenhower-Zaroubin meeting, 41–44, 45n, 46–49
    • Evolutionary change in government, possible, 187–189
    • Friendship and cooperation treaty with U.S., proposed, 47–53, 61, 62
    • Khrushchev’s “secret speech” on Stalin, 104–105, 110n, 115, 121–122
    • Military-Party political conflict, 172–174, 180
    • Soviet system, assessment of, 122–123
    • Satellites (Sputnik), 167n, 183, 189
    • U.S. intelligence operations against, 42–44, 48, 54
    • U.S. political warfare against, 5, 6–7, 25, 117
  • Turkey, 637–639, 643, 649, 650–653, 669n, 681, 682, 683–688, 716, 718, 733, 735n, 749
    • Soviet-Syrian threat, 734, 737–739, 741n
• Dunn, Frederick, 32
• East-West exchanges:
  • Agricultural delegations, 194, 199
  • Bohlen’s assessment of, 256–257
  • Communist periodicals, importation into U.S., 206–210, 212
  • Foreign Ministers discussion, 211–212, 214, 221
  • Heads of State discussion of, 211, 214
  • NSC discussion of, 194–200, 226–243
  • NSC reports, 200–206, 243–246
  • OCB discussion of, 265–266
  • OCB report, 259–264
  • Soviet policy, 201–202, 227, 228
  • State Department paper on, 220–223
  • Student exchanges, 193, 194, 218–219, 259–266
  • Suspension by U.S., 253–255, 256–259
  • Third countries, impact on, 222, 225, 228, 229, 236–242, 245
  • U.K. policy, 215, 256, 258
  • U.S. election campaign, Soviet observation of, 250–253
  • U.S. military alliances, impact on, 232, 240
  • U.S. military officers’ visit to Soviet Union, 106–107, 115, 119, 246–249
  • U.S. motivation for, 200–201
  • U.S. policy, 197, 201–202, 221, 256, 258
    • Administration of, 203–204, 217, 231, 232–233
    • Admission application procedures, 193–194
    • Broadening of, pros and cons, 202–203, 204–205
    • Commerce Department position, 230–231
    • Defense Department position, 231–233, 236–242
    • Fingerprinting provision, 213, 224, 233–234, 257, 260
    • Funding for, 217, 234–235
    • Initiative-taking by U.S., 215–217, 221, 222–223, 227–228, 229–230, 231, 244–245
    • Internal security concerns, 198, 234–235, 265–266
    • JCS position, 229–230, 231–232
    • Justice Department position, 233–235
    • Objectives and courses of action, 222–223, 245–246
    • Policy guidelines, 205–206
    • Revision of, 223–243
  • U.S.-Soviet negotiations, 267–268
• Eban, Abba, 448
• Eden, Sir Anthony, 8, 33, 45, 51, 155, 210, 214, 240, 341, 411n, 534
  • Cyprus dispute, 311n, 313n, 316–317, 364–365, 374, 377–378, 379, 380, 382–383, 402–403, 405
• Egypt, 95, 282n, 283n, 389, 532, 577, 630, 747
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 2, 115n, 198–199, 305, 411n
  • Cyprus dispute, 272, 304, 340–341, 349, 359, 364, 365n, 374–377, 382, 384n, 404–405, 428, 433, 459, 464–469, 472, 488, 506, 520–521, 523–525
  • East-West exchanges, 106–107, 197, 199, 209, 211, 220n, 224, 227, 241, 246, 250n, 253, 258, 259n, 266n
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, 582n, 711n
  • Greece, 573n, 585, 593, 729
  • Heads of State meeting (1955), 33, 210–211, 214
  • Soviet leaders’ attitude toward, 65–66
  • Soviet Union, 26–27, 41, 59, 60, 67n, 183
    • De-Stalinization program, 74, 75, 100, 127–128
    • Friendship and cooperation treaty with U.S., proposed, 47–49, 50–51, 53, 61, 62
    • Khrushchev’s “secret speech” on Stalin, 110n
    • Leadership changes, 23–24, 142, 143
    • Military, political influence of, 24, 27
    • Satellites (Sputnik), 162, 164–165, 166
    • U.S. intelligence operations against, 44–45, 48, 54, 105–106, 107, 142
    • U.S. military officers, visit by, 106–107, 246
    • U.S. political warfare against, 6, 7, 20n
    • Zaroubin, meeting with, 41–49
  • Turkey, 608, 613–615, 616–617, 618, 647, 653, 654, 680, 681, 682–684, 704n, 707–709, 716, 719, 727–732, 741n, 747–748
  • U.S. satellite program, 167, 168
  • Zhukov, assessment of, 27, 29
• Eisenhower Doctrine, 582, 711–712
• Elbrick, C. Burke, 62, 117n, 183, 371, 392n, 407, 430, 511, 577, 693, 735n
• Ergin, 686, 687
• Erim, Nehat, 447, 451–452
• Erkin, Feridun, 643
• Esenbel, Melih, 470, 476, 482, 497n, 637, 638, 639, 642, 643, 648, 650, 662–663, 692n, 737n, 739, 747, 748, 749
• Estonia, 13
• European Free Trade Area, 589, 596
• Evans, Allan, 61
• Exintaris, Georges, 536
• Export control legislation, U.S., 230
• Export-Import Bank, 568–569, 642
• Faure, Edgar, 33, 210, 214
• Fechteler, Adm. William M., 666, 668, 669, 671
• Fischer, Louis, 137–138
• FitzGerald, Dennis A., 593, 634–635, 637, 642, 675
• Flemming, Arthur S., 5, 6, 616, 617, 654, 655, 656, 657
• Foot, Sir Hugh, 510n, 518
• Foreign Agents Registration Act, 207
• Formosa, 2, 7–10
• Foster, Andrew B., 271, 509
• France, 102, 621
• Francis, Clarence, 536
• Frederika, Queen of the Hellenes, 541, 542, 544
• Free Europe Committee, 13
• Freers, Edward L., 144n, 253n, 256
• Fulbright, J. William, 187–189
• Furnas, Howard, 35n, 113n, 562n
• Galbreath, C. Edward, 669
• “Genetrix” balloon intelligence operation, 34–37, 42–45, 48, 54–55
• George, Walter F., 199, 250n, 403, 404n
• Gerhardt, John K., 20n
• German Democratic Republic, 86, 129, 179, 186
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 661–662, 732
• Gleason, S. Everett, 2n, 11, 25n, 27, 59n, 61, 72n, 75, 118n, 123, 146n, 161n, 166, 177n, 178, 194n, 195n, 200, 210, 226n, 243, 488n, 489, 493, 586, 612n, 618n, 619, 653n, 657, 680n, 685, 707n, 710, 717n, 720
• Glendinning, C. Dillon, 632
• Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J., 23, 51n, 105, 142, 731
• Goodyear, John, 659
• Gordey, Michael, 111
• Görk, Haydar, 278, 358, 451–452, 645, 649, 650, 687
• Gray, Gordon, 540n, 552, 557, 560, 571, 574, 656, 671, 675, 682, 694
• Greece (see also Cyprus dispute):
  • Agriculture, 563, 565, 575–576
  • Balkan Pact, 529, 601
  • Common Market, interest in, 589, 596
  • Communist activities, 531, 541, 546, 553–556, 588, 606
  • Economic development program, 565, 567, 568–569
  • Economic situation, 528, 566–567, 588–589, 599
  • Foreign policy, 528–529, 567, 583–584, 586, 604
  • IDEA, 528, 541–542, 556
  • Internal security situation, 553–557, 588, 606
  • Karamanlis’ visit to U.S., 428–432, 433, 573–578
  • Middle East developments, role in, 532–533, 581–582, 597, 604–605
  • Military capabilities, 529, 567, 583, 590, 605
  • National Intelligence Estimates on, 527–529, 566–567
  • Nationalist ambitions, 586–587
  • NATO, relations with, 287, 296, 308–309, 358, 556, 577–578, 602
  • OCB reports on, 553–557, 603–607
  • Papagos visit to U.S., proposed, 537–538, 543
  • Political situation, 528, 540–548, 556–557, 566, 508–581, 588, 604
    • Cyprus dispute, impact of, 270, 354, 442, 446–447, 457, 523–524, 526, 561–562
  • Repatriation of Greeks from Soviet bloc, 555, 588
  • Richards Mission visit, 581–582
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 563, 564, 567, 569n, 575, 588
  • United States, relations with, 323–324, 587, 597–600
  • U.S. economic assistance, 308, 536, 579
    • Defense support funds, 530–531, 535–536, 557, 578–579, 584, 589, 594–595
    • Economic development, support for, 568–569, 589, 601
    • Reductions in, 593–597
    • Requests for assistance, 550–551, 563, 568, 572, 575–576, 593–594
    • U.S. policy on, 578–580, 591–592, 605
  • U.S. military assistance, 548–549, 573–574, 584, 590–592, 605, 729
  • U.S. military security guarantees, 606–607
  • U.S. personnel, extraterritorial and immunity protections for, 538–540, 552–553, 557–561, 570–571, 587, 607
  • U.S. policy objectives and courses of action, 583–592, 600–607
  • Yugoslavia, relations with, 533, 534
• Green, Theodore F., 662
• Grey, Paul, 215
• Grivas, Col. George, 394n, 480–481
• Gromyko, Andrei A., 108, 190–191, 735, 741
• Gruenther, Gen. Alfred M., 536, 669, 671, 693n, 701
• Guatemala, 32
• Gulek, Kalim, 645
• Hagerty, James C., 22–24, 41–46, 48–53, 206n
• Hamilton, William L., 269n
• Hanes, John W., Jr., 219n
• Harding, Field Marshal Sir John, 306, 309, 310, 319, 329n, 330, 331, 332–334, 336–337, 340n, 346, 364, 377, 393n, 402–403, 413, 470, 510, 517, 562
• Harriman, W. Averell, 502n
• Harrison, Geoffrey, 501n
• Harvard University, 218–219
• Haskell, John H., 659, 665
• Hayter, Sir William, 88, 497n
• Heads of State meeting (1955), 33–34, 210–211, 214
• Henderson, Loy W., 117, 217, 678, 718, 736
• Hensel, H. Struve, 634, 635–636, 639n, 642
• Heritage Foundation, 250n
• Herter, Christian A.:
  • Cyprus dispute, 462–464, 473–475, 485–487, 491–492
  • East-West exchanges, 265, 266
  • Greece, 583, 593–594, 596, 600, 602
  • Soviet Union, 143, 144, 153n, 163–164, 167–168, 169, 172n, 182, 187n
  • Turkey, 707–708, 715
• Hitler, Adolf, 122
• Holcombe, John L., 627n, 659
• Hollister, John B., 578–580, 650, 651, 652, 653, 682, 691, 708, 715
• Holmes, Julius C., 384, 388–392, 439, 478n, 577n
  • U.S. envoy for Cyprus dispute, 400, 403–404, 405, 408–410, 412–415, 417–428, 434–436
• Hood, Lord Samuel, 510
• Hoover, Herbert, Jr.:
  • Cyprus dispute, 281–282, 288n, 297–300, 349, 354–355, 361n, 393–394, 396–397, 432–433, 436n
  • East-West exchanges, 215n, 219n, 220n, 253–254, 255
  • Greece, 538–540, 544n, 558, 568, 576, 578
  • Soviet Union, 29, 30, 35–36, 42, 43, 67n, 99n, 106, 107–108, 109–110, 117
  • Turkey, 609, 610, 613, 615, 616, 628n, 629, 633, 639, 648, 649, 650n, 654, 655, 656–659, 669, 674–675, 682–683, 688, 689, 690n, 691, 695, 704–706
• Hoover, J. Edgar, 226, 235
• Howe, Fisher, 30–31, 38n, 44n, 124n, 215n, 511n
• Hoyer Millar, Sir Frederick, 497n, 500
• Hughes, Rowland R., 4–5, 655, 656
• Humphrey, George M., 8, 197, 198, 237, 238, 240–242, 608, 614, 615, 617, 618, 650n, 654, 669, 675, 682–685, 691, 715
• Hungary, 129, 141, 186, 252
  • Soviet invasion, 148, 159, 253
• Hydrogen bomb, 23, 24, 163
• Iams, J.D., 440n
• Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, 201, 204, 224, 234, 266
• Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S., 193, 205
• India, 95, 130, 457
• Indonesia, 130
• Inonu, Ismet, 744
• Institute of International Education, 193
• Interdepartmental Committee on Certain U.S. Aid Programs (Prochnow Committee), 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 724
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 667
• International Broadcasting Service, U.S., 102
• International Monetary Fund, 633, 640, 673, 676, 679, 682, 686–687, 688–690, 692
• International Press Service, U.S., 102
• Iran, 702–703, 705
• Iraq, 532, 622, 630, 662
• Ismay, Baron Hastings Lionel, 461n, 463
• Israel, 448, 532, 662
• Italy, 119
• Izvestia, 3, 32, 206–210
• Jackling, Roger, 510
• Jackson, C.D., 32
• Jackson, William H., 85n, 211, 214, 227, 239, 240
• Jagan, Cheddi B., 283n
• Japan, 129, 196
• Jernegan, John D., 271, 285–288, 297n, 509, 544n, 610–612
• Johnson, Ellis A., 32
• Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 4, 7–8, 106, 195n, 229–230, 231–232, 488, 611, 616, 618n, 634, 708, 718
• Jones, G. Lewis, 659
• Jones, John Wesley, 143
• Jones, Owen T., 430, 446, 451n, 483n, 485n, 491n, 497n, 500, 517n, 519n, 573, 575, 577, 702n, 704n, 715–717, 741n, 743–745
• Jordan, 747
• Judd, Walter H., 662
• Justice, U.S. Department of, 193, 195–196, 206, 208, 210, 231, 233–235
• Kaganovich, Lazar, 40, 57, 142–143, 153, 157–158
• Kalijarvi, Thorsten V., 647, 682n
• Karamanlis, Constantine, 562
  • Cyprus dispute, 345, 354, 397n, 409, 410, 433, 441, 468n, 492n, 495n, 523–525, 549
    • Eisenhower’s letter, 340, 341n
    • Makarios’ release, 414, 444n, 459–460
    • Self-determination, U.K. “new formula” proposal (Nov. 1955), 311, 315, 316, 317, 318n, 322–325, 326n, 339, 340, 341n
    • Skouras’ mediation efforts, 382, 405, 406
    • Spaak’s mediation efforts, 525–526
    • UNGA consideration of (11th session), 428–429
    • UNGA consideration of (12th session), 517n
    • U.S. role, 394–396, 412–415, 417
  • Middle East developments, Greek role in, 581–582
  • NATO, Greek relations with, 358, 577–578
  • Prime Ministership, accession to, 306n, 541–542, 544–545, 546, 547–548
  • Richards Mission visit to Greece, 581–582
  • Soviet-Greek relations, 563, 575
  • U.S. economic assistance, 551, 563, 568, 575–576, 593
  • U.S. military assistance, 548, 573–574
  • U.S. personnel, extraterritorial and immunity protections for, 552, 558, 560–561
  • U.S. visit, 428–432, 433, 573–578
• Kassimatis, Gregory, 596–597
• Kennan, George F., 96–98, 125–127, 160n
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 3, 33, 95n, 106, 138–139, 141, 155, 182, 260, 734, 735
  • Communist Party 20th Congress, 56, 58, 72, 73, 77
  • Consolidation of power, 38–40, 64, 144, 147–148, 158–159, 180
  • De-Stalinization program, 72, 73, 74, 77, 188, 114–115
  • Disarmament policy, 66, 70–71, 155, 190
  • Dulles’ assessment of, 119–120
  • Eisenhower, attitude toward, 65–66
  • Foreign policy, 190–191
  • Leadership position, rise to, 26, 28–29
  • Leadership role, views on, 68–69
  • Malenkov, power struggle with, 69, 108, 158–159
  • Military-Party political conflict, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179–180
  • One-man-rule by, possible, 151–154, 157–158, 180
  • Political movement against, possible, 39–40, 120
  • Purge of Presidium members (1957), 143, 144, 147–148, 149, 150, 157–161
  • Satellites (Sputnik), 162–163
  • “Secret speech” on Stalin (see Soviet Union: Khrushchev’s “secret speech” on Stalin)
  • U.K. visit, 96, 122
  • U.S. military officers visit to Soviet Union, 115, 119
  • U.S.-Soviet relations, views on, 113–114, 115
• Killian Committee, 165
• Kirk, Roger, 562n
• Kirkpatrick, Sir Ivone A., 276–277, 351–353, 363n, 365n, 401–403, 408, 410, 418, 426–428, 444n
• Kirov, Sergey M., 112
• Klosson, Boris, 104n
• Knight, Ridgway B., 289n, 666, 704n
• Kohler, Foy D., 659n, 661, 662–663, 666, 677–680
• Kommunist, 39n, 77, 85, 87, 91
• Konev, Marshal Ivan S., 147, 178n, 179
• Koppers, Inc., 569
• Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat, 327, 677–678
• Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 186
• Korean war, 120
• Kranich, Robert, 61
• Kuwait, 365
• Lacy, William S. B., 250, 253n, 256, 265, 266, 267–268
• Laingen, L. Bruce, 384n, 385n, 393n, 396n, 428n, 517n, 519n, 568n, 583n, 600n, 602
• Lange, Halvard, 389n
• Larson, G. Edward, 164, 165, 265, 718
• Laskey, Denis S., 510
• Latvia, 13
• Lawrence, Bill, 51–52
• Lay, James S., Jr., 3n, 20n, 192, 200n, 206n, 220n, 223–226, 229n, 620
• Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 69, 75, 103, 116
• Lennox-Boyd, Alan, 344, 353, 408, 409, 465n
• Liatis, Alexis S., 307
• Lincoln, Francis F., 568n, 633
• Linebarger, Paul, 32
• Lister, Ernest A., 430
• Lithuania, 13
• Litvinov, Maxim M., 32n
• Lloyd, Sir John Selwyn, 258, 328, 329n, 332, 343–344, 362, 366, 368n, 376n, 408, 409, 410, 415–416, 445, 456n, 464, 465, 487, 489, 490, 498n, 506–507, 510–511
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 303, 312, 313n, 416, 428, 445n, 507, 516–517, 521–522, 742
• Logofet, Alexander, 46, 47
• London Times, 376
• Luce, Clare Boothe, 46, 317n
• Lyon, Frederick B., 473n, 746
• MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 701
• MacArthur, Douglas, II, 117n, 214, 215n, 332, 379, 415, 702, 704n
• McCardle, Carl W., 53, 117n
• McGuire, E. Perkins, 573, 659–660, 661, 662, 663, 665–666
• McKinnon, Robert A., 490n
• Macmillan, Harold, 214n, 496n, 510n
  • Cyprus dispute, 305, 306–307, 309–311, 459, 464, 465, 472
    • Makarios’ release, 466, 467, 469–470, 472
    • Self-determination, U.K. proposal (Nov. 1955), 314, 318n, 321, 328–329, 343
    • Self-government, U.K. proposal (Sept 1955), 279–280, 283
    • Tripartite Conference of 1955, 272–273, 274, 275, 276–277, 279–280
    • Tripartite Conference of 1957, proposed, 487, 490
    • UNGA consideration of (10th session), 292–293, 294–297, 304
• Macomber, William B., 54, 187, 189
• McSweeney, John M., 443n, 451n, 462n, 479, 480, 481, 704n
• Maffitt, Edward P., 289n, 666
• Makarios III, 315, 317, 330–331, 341, 346, 353, 361n, 380, 467, 472, 475, 479, 481, 502
  • Release from Seychelles, 469–470, 472
  • Self-determination, negotiations with U.K. re, 306, 309, 310, 329n, 330, 332–334, 336–337, 339–340, 346, 562
  • Self-determination, position on, 319–320, 323, 333–334, 338n, 342–343
  • Terrorist activities, involvement in, 333, 337n, 346, 353, 480–481
• Makins, Sir Roger M., 275, 314, 316–317, 332–334, 343n, 349, 364n, 371–374, 375–376, 377n, 379–380, 407–408
• Malenkov, Georgi M., 3, 39, 40, 57, 65–66, 81, 98, 112, 114, 138, 139
  • Power struggle with Khrushchev, 158–159
  • Removal from government, 142–143, 153, 157–158
  • Resignation of premiership, 22–24, 25–27, 30, 69
• Malia, Martin, 218
• Malinovsky, Marshal Rodion Ya., 169
• Mangano, Philip A., 269n
• Markezinis, Spyros, 278n
• Martino, Gaetano, 389n
• Mead, Maj. Gen. Armistead D., 739–740
• Melas, George V., 271–272, 273, 278, 285–288, 357–359, 381–382, 430, 439–440, 453, 514, 526, 532–534, 561–562, 573, 574, 575, 577, 593, 596, 597
• Menderes, Adnan, 614n, 650, 659n, 677–678, 731, 747
  • Cyprus dispute, 279, 378, 423–424, 437–438, 476–477, 478, 520, 526, 651
  • Economic situation, 629, 630–632, 644–646, 669–670, 673, 679, 688–689, 716, 749
  • Election of 1957, 510n, 743, 744, 745n
  • Richards Mission visit to Turkey, 710–712
  • Soviet Union, Turkish relations with, 679, 733
  • Soviet-Syrian threat, 695–696, 704, 734, 738, 739–741, 748
  • U.S. economic assistance, 651, 749
  • U.S. military assistance, 611, 659–661, 712
• Menderes, Etem, 378, 424–425, 426n, 693n, 745
• Merchant, Livingston T., 41, 42, 43, 44n, 52, 61, 215–217, 288n, 307, 316n, 335n, 535
• Merrill, Frederick T., 250–252, 256, 265
• Mićunović, Veljko, 143
• Middle East Defense Organization plan, 282n-283n, 532–534, 622
• Middleton, Drew, 376
• Mikoyan, Anastas I., 3, 30, 39, 40, 59–60, 65–66, 69, 95n, 137, 138, 144, 147, 158, 172, 174, 180
• Millikan, Max, 32
• Milne, Matilda, 633, 636
• Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 23, 24, 27, 31, 39, 44, 52, 57, 59, 65–66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 92, 95, 98, 114, 139–141, 214
  • Removal from government, 142–143, 153, 157–158
  • Resignation as Foreign Minister, 108–109
• Mongolia, 186
• Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard Law, 517–519, 520, 521n
• Morris, W., 465n, 510
• Mosely, Philip, 32
• Moskatov, P.U., 56
• Murphy, Robert D., 220n, 253n
  • Cyprus dispute, 288n, 430–432, 500–503
  • Greece, 557–560, 569n, 570, 574, 575, 576, 577–578, 580n
  • Soviet Union, 34, 73n, 85, 107n, 109n, 116, 117, 125, 167n, 183
  • Turkey, 628–629, 647, 691, 693, 694, 715
• Mutual Security Program, 188
• Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 389n, 454, 597, 630n, 690, 721, 747
• National Intelligence Estimates:
  • NIE 32–55, 527–529
  • NIE 32–56, 566–567
• National Security Council:
  • Documents:
    • NSC 5501, 3n, 20–21
    • NSC 5502/1, 12–19
    • NSC 5505/1, 3–11, 20–22
    • NSC 5508/1, 192, 194, 195–206
    • NSC 5510/1, 612–619, 620–628
    • NSC 5607, 243–246
    • NSC 5708/2, 715–717, 720–727
    • NSC 5718, 488–489, 493–494, 583–585
    • NSC 5718/1, 585–592
  • Meetings:
    • 230th, 608
    • 234th, 2–11
    • 236th, 25–27
    • 238th, 612–619
    • 239th, 29–30
    • 242d, 194–200
    • 243d, 208–210
    • 260th, 547
    • 264th, 653–657
    • 277th, 59–60
    • 278th, 60n
    • 280th, 72–75
    • 281st, 87–88
    • 282d, 95–96
    • 285th, 680–685
    • 289th, 118–123, 226–243
    • 290th, 378–379
    • 291st, 136
    • 305th, 141
    • 313th, 157
    • 316th, 707–710
    • 320th, 472
    • 328th, 715–717
    • 329th, 142–143
    • 330th, 146–149
    • 333d, 488–489
    • 339th, 161–166
    • 342d, 177–178
    • 346th, 187
  • Planning Board report, 206–208
• Nehru, Jawaharlal, 438
• Nenni, Pietro, 118, 119, 129
• New Leader, 98
• New York Daily News, 49
• New York Daily Worker, 118, 124
• New York Herald Tribune, 219
• New York Times, 51–52, 105n, 110n, 151, 534, 734
• Newman, Joseph, 98
• Nixon, Richard M., 251
  • Cyprus dispute, 378–379
  • East-West exchanges, 232–233, 234–235, 236, 239, 241, 253n
  • Soviet Union, 6, 10, 33, 120, 165
  • Turkey, 656, 657
• Noel-Baker, Philip J., 358
• Nolting, Frederick E., Jr., 530, 736n
• Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 701, 709, 715–716, 727, 731–732
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 114, 191, 232
  • Committee on Non-Military Cooperation, 389n, 440n
  • Cyprus dispute (see NATO as mechanism to resolve under Cyprus dispute)
  • Greece, relations with, 287, 296, 308–309, 358, 556, 577–578, 602
  • Turkey, relations with, 621–622
• Norway, 190, 191
• Nunley, William T., 448
• Nuri Birgi, M., 327n, 351, 377n, 378, 422, 424, 425, 426n, 437, 447, 448, 451–452, 473n, 477, 629n, 677–678
• Nuri Said, 695, 742, 748
• Nutting, Sir Harold, 294, 355, 408, 409, 412n, 418, 419, 420, 421–422, 427–428
• O’Grady, John F., 432n, 686n
• “Open-Sky” proposal, 42, 43, 70
• Operations Coordinating Board, 85–87, 99–103, 117, 165, 220n, 259–266, 553–557, 585, 602–607
• Organization of American States, 228
• Oulashin, Eric, 562n
• Overby, Andrew N., 633–634, 635, 636, 637, 642, 675
• Packard, Robert F., 35
• Pakistan, 622, 630
• Pallis, Lt. Gen. Stylianos, 548
• Palmer, Joseph, II, 356n
• Panama, 457
• Papagos, Marshal Alexandros, 274n, 289n, 301–302, 306n, 528, 529, 534, 535, 537–538, 542, 545, 546, 547, 556, 580
• Papandreou, George, 541, 543, 599
• Parsons, Marcelis, 458n
• Patterson, Gardner, 659, 663–665, 666, 675
• Paul I, 300–301, 304, 317n, 347, 459, 467, 468n, 541, 542, 544–546, 547, 580
• Peake, Charles B. P., 315, 318, 408, 410
• Pearson, Lester B., 389n
• Penfield, James K., 401, 517n, 519n, 597–600
• Perkins, George W., 308–309, 361, 404n, 408, 412, 417, 418, 420, 423, 426, 461n, 502, 550–552, 695
• Pervukhin, M.G., 30, 39, 136, 139, 143
• Peter, Janos, 197
• Pettee, George, 32
• Phleger, Herman, 117
• Pinay, Antoine, 214n
• Pipinellis, Panayotis, 545
• Planning Coordination Group, 4–5, 6, 7, 11, 12n, 20n
• Plastiras, Gen. Nikolas, 556
• Poland, 86, 129, 186, 252
• Porter, Paul R., 631
• Porter, Brig. Gen. R.W., Jr., 614, 615, 613
• Possony, Stefan, 33
• Post Office Department, U.S., 207, 108, 209, 210
• Potomac Charter of 1954, 305, 310–311
  • Pravda, 3, 32, 77–78, 85–86, 87, 91, 92, 95, 118, 142, 170, 172, 173, 179, 206–210
• Prochnow, Herbert V., 675, 680n
• Prochnow Committee. See Interdepartmental Committee on Certain U.S. Aid Programs.
• Quantico Panel, 32–33
• Quarles, Donald A., 163, 165, 167n
• Radcliffe, Lord, 366n, 370, 380, 409
• Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 4, 7–9, 42n, 106, 142, 195n, 229–233, 238–239, 240, 299, 612n, 613–615, 618, 628, 639n, 655, 656, 657, 684, 693, 694, 719, 727n
• Radio Free Europe, 25
• Rand Corporation, 35
• Randall, Clarence B., 668, 669–673, 675–677, 682, 691–692, 715
• Rayburn, Sam, 250n Red Star, 77, 85, 155, 170, 173
• Reilly, John, 266
• Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 713
• Rhodopoulos, Constantine, 546
• Richards, Arthur L., 87n
• Richards, James P., 731
  • Richards Mission, 581–582, 710–712
• Riley, Gen. William E., 632, 650, 651, 663–664, 665, 666, 678, 697
• Roberts, Maj. Gen. Frank P., 666
• Robertson, Reuben B., Jr., 231–232, 237–238, 239, 241, 654, 655–656
• Rockefeller, Nelson A., 4–5, 6, 11, 12n, 20n, 25, 32, 34, 198, 655, 657
• Rockwell, Stuart W., 523, 525, 735n, 737n, 747, 748, 749
• Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantine K., 174, 177
• Romania, 186, 252–253
• Roosevelt, Franklin D., 32n
• Rooth, Ivor, 673
• Rostow, W. W., 33
• Rountree, William M., 361, 430, 436n, 446, 491n, 500, 506, 514, 569n, 573, 575, 577, 695, 715, 743
  • Cyprus dispute, 335n, 361, 371, 384, 396n, 398–400, 403n, 440n, 445n, 450, 451n, 456n, 471–472, 508, 515, 516, 517–519
  • Greece, 580n, 581–582, 600–602
  • Turkey, 702–704, 738n, 742
• Rumiantsev, Nikolai P., 71
• Russell, Francis H., 305n, 307
• Saburov, M.Z., 30, 39, 143
• Salisbury, Lord, 472
• Salt, Barbara, 322n, 332, 369, 379, 407–408
• Saltonstall, Leverett, 662
• Sarper, Selim, 358, 432–433, 741
• Satellite program, U.S., 167, 168
• Satellites. See under Soviet Union.
• Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 438, 448, 740–741, 742
• Saudi Arabia, 438
• Scott, Walter K., 536n, 609–610
• Seager, Cedric H., 575, 578, 632
• Shanley, Bernard M., 41, 42, 44, 45n
• Shepilov, Dmitrii T., 108–109, 143, 151
• Siefkin, Forest, 669
• Simmons, John, 46
• Sisco, Joseph J., 503n
• Sismanides, A.D., 575
• Skouras, Spyros, 382–383, 405–406
• Smith, Elaine D., 733n
• Smith, Gerard C., 187n
• Snyder, Lucille, 281n, 628n, 637n
• Socialist Parties, 122, 133
• Socialist-Communist “Fifth International,” 133–134
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 232
• Soviet Affairs, 96
• Soviet Aviation, 170, 171
• Soviet Culture, 140
• Soviet émigreé, 12–19
• Soviet Fleet, 170, 171, 172
• Soviet Union (see also East-West exchanges; Soviet-Syrian threat under Turkey), 25, 69, 81, 138, 182
  • Anti-Khrushchev movement, possible, 39–40, 120
  • Bolshevik revolution, anniversary of, 182–183
  • Collective leadership policy, 60, 63–64, 69–70, 87, 94
    • Purge of 1957 and, 144, 147, 150–154, 157–158
  • Cominform, 31–32, 95–96
  • Communist nations, leadership of, 186–187, 191
  • Communist parties worldwide, control of, 31–32, 120, 191
  • Communist Party, 57, 68
  • 20th Congress, 56–57, 58, 59–60, 63–65, 72, 73, 77
  • Decentralization of international Communism, 133–135
  • De-Stalinization program (see also Khrushchev’s “secret speech” below), 94, 148, 188
    • Charges against Stalin, 78–79
    • Chinese reaction, 87, 88, 129
    • CIA report on, 128–136
    • Explanatory campaign, 77–78, 85–86, 124–125, 126–127, 131, 135
    • Foreign Communists reactions, 118–123, 124, 126, 127–130, 133
    • Foreign policy aspects, 81–82, 89–90
    • Initial criticisms of Stalin, 63, 65
    • Kennan’s assessment of, 96–98
    • Leadership’s strategy for implementing, 76–78, 91–92, 118–123, 131–136
    • Motivations for, 74, 79–82, 88–91, 102–103
    • “Murder of Stalin” theory, 96–98
    • NSC discussion of, 73–75, 87–88, 118–123
    • OCB report on, 99–103
    • Public opposition to, 73–74
    • Risks of, 75–76, 92–93, 136
    • U.S. exploitation of, 86, 99–102, 107–108, 117–118, 125–127
    • U.S. intelligence report on, 75–82
    • U.S. official public comments on, 82–84, 100, 102
    • World reaction, 83–84
  • Disarmament policy, 66, 70–71, 154–156, 190
  • Domestic innovations, 64–65, 80
  • Eisenhower-Zaroubin meeting, 41–49
  • Evolutionary change in government, possible, 187–189
  • Flights to U.S., possible, 145–146
  • Foreign policy, 26–27, 64, 81–82, 89–90, 95–96, 185–186, 190–191
  • Friendship and cooperation treaty with U.S., proposed, 41, 42, 47–54, 61–62
  • Greece, relations with, 563, 564, 567, 569n, 575, 588
  • Heads of State meeting with Western nations (1955), 33–34, 210–211, 214
  • Hungary, invasion of, 148, 159, 253
  • Hydrogen bomb development, 23, 24, 163
  • ICBM development, 154–156, 162
  • Ideology, role in Soviet affairs, 160–161
  • Khrushchev’s “secret speech” on Stalin, 72, 73, 77, 121–122, 137
    • Supplemental documents, 115–116
    • U.S. publication of, 103–105, 107–108, 109–113, 114–115
  • Leadership (see also Collective leadership policy above), 94–95, 121
  • Leadership changes, 3, 16–17, 22–30, 139–141
    • Foreign Minister, 108–109
    • NSC discussion of, 147–148
    • Purge of Presidium members (1957), 142–144, 147–154, 157–161
    • Zhukov’s removal from office, 169–170, 172–182, 185
  • Leadership situation under Khrushchev (see also Collective leadership policy above), 38–40, 151–154, 157–158, 180
  • Military, political influence of, 24, 27, 30–31, 40, 146, 149
  • Military capabilities, U.S. assessment of, 248–249
  • Military coup, possible, 159–160
  • Military-Party political conflict, 169–182, 185
  • Politburo, 59, 60n
  • Public unrest, 16, 21–22, 73–74, 141
  • Socialist Parties, relations with, 122, 133
  • Satellites (Sputnik), 156, 185
    • Foreign policy aspects, 185–186
    • NSC discussion of, 161–166
    • Propaganda re, 162–163, 167–168, 183, 184
    • U.S. reaction, 163–166, 167–168, 169, 183–184
    • World reaction, 163, 164, 183, 184, 189
  • Student riots, 73–74
  • Turkey, relations with, 621, 662–663, 667, 679, 733, 736–737
  • United States, relations with, 65–67, 113–114, 115
  • U.S.-China war, attitude toward, 7–10, 61
  • U.S. intelligence operations against, 34–37, 42–45, 48, 54, 105–106, 107, 142
    • Soviet protests, 54–55
  • U.S. military officers, visit by, 106–107, 115, 119, 246–249
  • U.S. political warfare against:
    • Coordination of, 4–5, 6, 7, 11, 20n
    • De-Stalinization program, exploitation of, 99–102, 107–108, 117–118, 125–127
    • Discontents in Soviet population, exploitation of, 16, 21–22
    • Khrushchev’s “secret speech,” publication of, 103–105, 107–108, 109–113, 114–115
    • NSC discussion of, 3–11
    • NSC report, 20–22
    • Quantico Panel report, 32–33
    • Soviet émigrés, role of, 15–19
  • Warsaw Pact, 29, 30
• Spaak, Paul Henri, 483n, 485, 486, 490, 500, 501, 508, 509, 511, 513, 515, 518, 521, 525–526, 735, 736n
• Speier, Dr. Hans, 33
• Sputnik. See Satellites under Soviet Union.
• Staats, Elmer B., 603n
• Stalin, Iosif (see also De-Stalinization program under Soviet Union), 23, 57, 69, 120, 122
• Stassen, Harold E., 6, 7, 9–10, 120–121, 123, 164, 611, 614, 659, 731
• Stearns, Monteagle, 490n
• Stelle, Charles C., 215n
• Stephanopoulos, Stephanos, 274–275, 276n, 278, 279, 280, 288, 290, 299, 301, 535–536, 539, 540, 542, 544, 545, 546, 547
• Stevens, Francis B., 99n, 127
• Stevenson, Adlai E., 250–252, 253
• Stoessel, Walter, 85n, 211, 212, 215n, 219n
• Stone, Galen L., 61
• Strange, Col. Hubert E., 547–549
• Strategic Air Command, U.S., 35
• Strauss, Lewis, 24
• Streibert, Theodore D., 25
• Sturc, Ernest, 673, 676
• Sullivan, Charles A., 632
• Summerfield, Arthur E., 209
• Surplus Property Act of 1944, 260n
• Swank, E.C., 144n, 149n
• Syria (see also Soviet-Syrian threat under Turkey), 179–180, 438, 532, 630, 693
• Theotokis, Spyridon, 306–310, 315, 317, 321, 323, 328–329, 340n, 341n, 345n, 350, 354, 361–362, 363n, 547, 550–552
• Thompson, Llewellyn E., 145, 150–154, 170–172, 178–180, 182, 185–186, 501n, 740n
• Thomson, Charles A.H., 33
• Thornburg, Max, 646
• Thurston, Ray L., 274n, 288–291, 318n, 322–325, 394–396, 397n, 412–415, 417–418, 541–543, 544, 560–561, 570, 577n
• Timmons, Benson E. L., Ill, 360n, 491n, 510, 577
• Tito, Josip Broz, 60, 72, 83, 96, 109, 113, 123, 133–134, 143, 149, 177, 347
• Togliatti, Palmiro, 80, 96, 118, 119, 123, 124, 126, 129, 131, 133, 135
• Toon, Malcolm, 253n, 256
• Treasury, U.S. Department of the, 206, 208, 210
• Treaty of Friendship and Collaboration (Turkey, Greece, Yugoslavia) of Feb. 28, 1953. See Balkan Pact.
• Treaty of Lausanne of July 24, 1923, 277, 380, 382, 391–392
• Treaty of Mutual Assistance (Turkey, United Kingdom, France) of Nov. 16, 1939, 621
• Trieste dispute, 501n
• Trotsky, Leon, 69, 78, 104
• Tsaldaris, Constantine, 580
• Tunaboglu, Gen., 667, 677–678
• Turco-Pakistani Agreement for Friendly Cooperation of April 2, 1954, 622
• Turkey (see also Cyprus dispute):
  • Air defense concerns, 693–694, 698–699, 703, 706n
  • Arab-Israeli conflict and, 662, 677–678, 736
  • Baghdad Pact, 532, 700, 702–703, 710, 711–712, 721, 742
  • Balkan Pact, 621, 721
  • Communist activities, 666–667
  • Economic situation:
    • Background, 664–665
    • Crisis resulting from overdevelopment, 609–611, 617–618, 624–625, 627, 658, 665, 722
    • Debt problems, 672–673
    • Defense expenditures and, 633–634
    • Devaluation measures, 673, 678n
    • Foreign relations aspects, 643–644
    • IMF proposals for reforms, 633, 640, 676, 679, 682, 686–687, 688–690, 692
    • Political situation, impact on, 645–646
    • Randall’s reports on, 669–673, 675–677
    • Reforms, U.S. insistence on, 609–610, 617–618, 625, 627, 649, 658–659, 723
    • Reforms implemented by government, 643, 658, 669–670, 674, 686–688, 692, 716, 722–723, 749
    • Reforms proposed by U.S., 633–637, 638, 641–642
    • Turkish perspective on crisis, 630–632, 641–642, 644, 667–668
    • U.S. assistance to help with, 672, 674–675, 676–677
    • U.S. Inter-Agency Committee to develop policy, 618, 628, 633–637
    • U.S. loan, request for, 636, 637–642, 647–653, 676
    • U.S. military assistance, 663–664
    • U.S.-Turkish Consultative Group to develop policy, 628–629
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, support for, 711–712
  • Foreign Minister, appointment of, 745–746
  • Foreign policy, 621, 663, 721
  • Military establishment, 670–671, 680–686, 699, 708–709, 718–719, 723–724, 727–732
  • Mutual assistance agreements, 621, 622, 630, 721
  • NATO, relations with, 621–622
  • Northern Tier defense concept, 629–630, 721
  • Oil shipments from U.S., 636, 645, 648, 675–676
  • Political situation, 510n, 645–646, 659n, 722, 743–745
  • Richards Mission visit, 710–712
  • Soviet-Syrian threat, 707
    • Defense forces necessary to meet, 700–701
    • Saudi mediation of, 740–742
    • Soviet overflights, 693–696, 698
    • Soviet perspective on, 734, 740n
    • Turkish assessments of, 696–697, 698, 739–741, 748
    • UNGA consideration of, 734, 737–738, 741–743
    • U.S. assessments of, 702–706, 735–736, 738–739, 741n
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 621, 662–663, 667, 679, 733, 736–737
  • Strategic importance, 620–621, 720
  • Strategic materials, U.S. purchase of, 616–617, 627, 654–655
  • U.S. atomic task force stationed in, 713–714, 715
  • U.S. economic assistance (see also under Economic situation above), 608, 616, 665
    • Economic reforms as quid pro quo, 609–610, 617–618, 625, 658–659, 664, 709
    • Increase in assistance, requests for, 691–692, 749
    • Levels of assistance, 622, 708
    • Policy guidance for, 726–727
    • Reductions in, 650–651, 685–686
    • U.S. goals re, 627–628
    • U.S.-Turkish relations, impact on, 719–720
  • U.S.-German relations, attitude toward, 661–662
  • U.S. military assistance, 626, 712, 716, 724, 726
    • Economic situation, impact on, 663–664
    • Force levels to be supported, 653–657
    • Levels of assistance, 622, 623–624, 631n, 724
    • Reductions in, possible, 680–686, 724–725
    • Training, focus on, 615, 663
    • U.S. commitment to provide, 611–615, 618n, 623, 627, 634, 653–657, 659–660, 671
    • U.S.-Turkish relations, impact on, 716–717
  • U.S. military exercises, 677–678
  • U.S. military facilities, 720–721
  • U.S. policy objectives and courses of action, 620–628, 720–727
• Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 106–107, 115, 119, 165, 246–249, 707, 708–709
• Ulbricht, Walter, 85, 129
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• United Kingdom (see also Cyprus dispute), 102, 529, 621
  • East-West exchanges, policy on, 215, 256, 258
  • Soviet leaders visit, 96, 122
• United Nations General Assembly (UNGA):
  • Cyprus dispute, consideration of (see under Cyprus dispute)
  • Turkish-Syrian situation, consideration of, 734, 737–738, 741–743
• Urgüplü, Fuat Hayri, 736–737, 741–743
• U.S. Advisory Commission on Educational Exchange, 261
• U.S. Information Agency, 56, 102, 208, 210
• Vasilevsky, Marshal, 111, 155, 178n
• Venizelos, Eleutherios, 286
• Venizelos, Sophocles, 541, 546, 580
• Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 186
• Voice of America, 137, 607
• Voroshilov, Kliment Y., 92, 95, 139, 183
• Wadsworth, James J., 453
• Wagner, Robert, 502n
• Wallner, Woodruff, 666
• Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 82–84, 88–93, 430, 455n-456n, 521–522
• Warren, Avra M., 277n, 278, 282n, 618, 629–632, 644–646, 650, 652, 658n, 660–662, 663, 666–668, 675n
• Warren, Fletcher, 378, 423–426, 470, 473, 475, 476–477, 482, 492n, 497n, 513n, 675, 688–691, 693n, 695–697, 710–714, 715–716, 737n, 745–746, 749
• Warsaw Pact, 29, 30
• Waugh, Samuel C., 629n, 719
• Weeks, Clarence, 230–231, 233
• Westinghouse, Inc., 568–569
• White, Lincoln, 441
• Whitney, John Hay, 460–462, 489–491, 510
• Wiggin, Charles, 490n, 496n, 517n
• Wilcox, Francis O., 428–430, 453, 455–456, 503n, 514
• Williams, Murat W., 117n, 384n, 385n, 393n, 398n, 403n, 410n, 430, 439n, 440, 448, 453, 458n, 499n, 502, 511n, 514, 516n, 517n, 519n, 573, 575, 577, 596, 597, 602, 702n, 704n
• Williamson, Francis, 250n
• Willis, George H., 573, 575
• Wilson, Charles E., 7, 9, 75, 142, 195, 196–197, 198, 199, 538, 612n, 614, 615, 617, 618n, 639n, 681, 685, 694, 708, 719
• Wilson, Evan M., 351
• Wisner, Frank G., 96–98, 105n, 110n, 125–127, 157–161, 719
• Wolf, Joseph J., 693–694
• Wood, Chalmers B., 269n, 270n, 271n, 275n, 277n, 297n, 305n, 322n, 330n, 338n, , 339n, 344n, 354n, 357n, 359, 368, 384n, 385n, 393n, 396n, 398n, 403n, 404, 405n, 407, 408n, 410n, 430, 440n, 443n, 462n, 478n, 490n, 491n, 496n, 508n, 530n, 538, 557n, 561n, 562, 570n, 573, 575, 577
• World Council of Churches, 197
• Yeagley, J. Walter, 226, 235
• Young, Hilary, 408, 420
• Young, John P., 633, 634, 658n
• Young, Kenneth T., Jr., 535
• Yugoslavia, 39, 83, 85, 95, 179, 186, 187, 191, 286, 533, 534, 621–622
• Zaghlul, Sa’d, 352
• Zaroubin, Georgi N., 41, 42, 46–49, 52, 53, 267
• Zhavoronkov, V.G., 139
• Zhukov, Marshal Georgi K., 30–31, 40, 60n, 64, 120, 138, 143, 147, 149, 153, 159
  • Bohlen’s assessment of, 174–175
  • Eisenhower’s assessment of, 27, 29
  • Removal from office, 169–170, 172–182, 185
• Zorlu, Fatin Rüstü, 277n, 279–280, 282n, 351, 446–447, 451–452, 520, 628, 633, 637–643, 647–648, 650, 652, 658, 661, 739–741, 745–746, 747, 748, 749