Index

• Afghanistan, 81, 137
• Agreements. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Airplanes. See Outer Mongolia: U. S. planes; Undeclared war: Military operations: Bombings, and under Japan.
• Alaska fisheries question, 28, 162
• Anti-Comintern pacts: Berlin–Rome–Tokyo Axis, 298, 308–309, 316, 326, 389, 400, 403–406, 410, 439, 485; Communist view of, 247; German-Japanese agreement (1936), 308; German-Italian-Japanese protocol (1937), 308
• Australia, 579–580
• Austria: Influence on Japan of Hitler’s action in, 124; military supplies to China, 214, 602
• Aviation. See Undeclared war: Military operations: Bombings.
• Bankers Trust Co., 526, 528–530
• Belgium: League of Nations, activity at meeting of, 514, 517; “Manchoukuo,” Belgian view of abolition of extraterritoriality in, 446–447: military supplies to China, 214, 592, 593, 602
• Berlin–Rome–Tokyo Axis. See under Anti-Comintern pacts.
• Brussels Conference (1937), convened under art. 7 of Nine Power Treaty of 1922, 40, 45, 144, 152–153, 374, 520, 521, 611, 702
• Burma:
  • Chinese National Government banking, etc., headquarters transferred to, 608
  • Supply routes to China, 20–21, 115, 165, 214, 320, 364, 386–387, 592, 598, 601, 605, 608, 612; Burma Road, construction of, 530, 553, 598; railroad, 386–387, 552–553, 581
  • Tariff on transshipment of war materials, 605
• Changkufeng affair. See “Manchoukuo”: Japanese-Soviet border clashes.
• Chase National Bank, 559–560
• Chiang Kai-shek: Addresses and policy statements, 12, 174–175, 195–196, 226, 321–322, 349–350, 356, 377–379, 380–382, 384, 389–390; attitude toward Communists, 388; attitude toward Japan, 177, 263, 267; forcible detention in Sian, and release, 173–175; position in National Government and political situation, 4, 132, 134, 157, 158, 174, 221, 267, 293, 320, 349, 421–422, 427, 435–436, 519; Roosevelt, Franklin D., correspondence with, 36–37, 59–61, 312–313, 321–322, 325, 376–377; war operations, 290, 434–435, 436
• Chiang Kai-shek, Madam, 381, 382
• China (see also League of Nations; Undeclared war; and under Japan):
  • Boxer Protocol (1901), 77–78, 86
  • Chiang Kai-shek. See Chiang Kai-shek.
  • Chou En-lai, 299–300, 313–314, 333–334
  • Communists, Chinese:
    • Chou En-lai, 299–300, 313–314, 333–334
    • Chu Teh, 331
    • Domestic policy: Economic, 389; general, 274–275
    • Foreign policy, 246–247, 253–254, 388–389
    • Kidnapping and release of Chiang Kai-shek, 173–175
    • “Manchoukuo,” activity in, 444, 454–455
    • Mao Tse-tung, 274
    • National Government, relations with, 115, 130, 154, 165, 313–314, 334, 365, 369, 387–389, 398
    • Position in China, 78–80, 178–180, 229, 274–275, 314
    • Yenan Conference (Sept. 28–Oct. 7), 299–300, 313, 397–398
  • Cotton and wheat credits. See under Economic and financial matters: U. S. financial aid, infra.
  • Customs problems, 626–752
    • Administration: Inspector General, attitude and actions of, 627–631, 633–636, 640, 642, 644–645, 647–648, 655, 656, 657, 659, 664, 676, 697, 703, 704, 708, 711–712, 717–720, 724, 734, 737–738, 740–741, 743–744, 745; Japanese or Japanese-selected personnel, 633, 635, 661, 669, 703, 718, 724–725, 729, 734, 747–750; launches, 662, 673, 677, 678, 685, 729, 734, 735, 737, 738, 750
    • Anglo-Japanese agreement:
      • Attitude of various countries: China, 630, 681, 687, 690, 695–696, 697, 701–702, 704–705; France, 652, 684n, 686, 706, 715; United Kingdom, 673–674, 682, 684; United States, 626, 637, 638–640, 655, 666–667, 675, 687, 690–692, 695, 696, 698–699, 706–707, 708
      • Consultations between France, United Kingdom, and United States, 87, 113, 651–652, 653, 656, 671, 699, 706, 746–747
      • Flood relief surtax, 688, 691, 693
      • Implementation, 711–712, 713, 718, 719–720, 724, 726, 732, 734–738, 740–741, 743, 751
      • Negotiations, 76, 107, 111, 626, 627, 630, 632, 635, 636, 637, 642, 644, 646–647, 649–652, 657–658, 661–663, 666–667, 669, 671, 673–681 passim, 683, 685, 687, 690, 692–694, 701, 706
      • Statement released by United Kingdom, and discussion over mistaken reference to U. S. approval, 688–689, 694–695, 696, 697–698, 700–701
      • Texts, 672–673, 676–677, 679–681, 693–694
    • Foreign exchange problems, 681, 686, 689–690, 691, 692, 693, 698–699, 705–706, 707, 709–710, 741; U. S. pro memoria, 712, 714–715, 717
    • Integrity of Chinese customs, U. S. concern and requests for Japanese assurances, 55, 204, 627, 628, 630, 639, 645, 646, 649, 656, 658, 660, 666, 698–699, 711, 712, 713–714, 745–746
    • Loan and indemnity payments: Domestic, 633, 636, 673, 675, 677–678, 682, 712, 719, 724; foreign, 628, 629, 632, 634–638, 640–641, 645–646, 647, 649–653, 655, 656, 657, 660–663, 666, 669, 671, 672, 673, 675, 677–684 passim, 688–689, 691, 693, 698–699, 701, 706, 713, 716, 718–721, 724, 726, 729–730, 732, 734–735, 736, 744; Japanese, 633, 673, 680, 689, 694, 717, 726, 728, 736, 737, 745
    • Representations against Japanese measures by France, 643; United Kingdom, 637, 640, 644; United States, 631, 638–640
    • Reshipment of war material, 664–665, 674
    • Revenues: Decrease in, 649–651, 652–654, 657, 723–724; deposit of, 113, 163, 628, 632, 633, 635, 636, 637, 641, 642, 644–648, 650, 652, 655, 658–659, 660, 662, 664, 672, 679, 680, 688, 704, 711–712, 713, 718, 726, 728, 736, 737
    • Tariff: Rate change, 55, 634–635, 636, 638–643 passim, 647, 656, 661, 662, 670, 678, 720–722, 723, 725, 727–728, 730; proposal of 1931 level, 634–635, 640, 641, 642, 648, 649, 662, 667, 673, 720–721; non-payment by Japanese, 629, 631, 644, 645, 660, 662, 669, 673, 677, 678, 718, 724
  • Economic and financial matters (see also Customs problems, supra, and Salt administration, infra):
    • Currency and foreign exchange: Anglo-Japanese guardianship of currency, proposed, 536, 562; fall in exchange value, 227, 710; general situation, 74, 107, 158, 165, 196, 221–222, 329, 382, 383–384, 400, 525, 535–536, 541, 544, 556, 558, 561–562, 576, 578–579, 582, 588, 591, 668, 669, 713, 716; gold and silver reserves, 520, 561; imports cut, 531–532; Japanese counterfeiting, 525
    • Debt service (see also Customs problems: Loan and indemnity payments, supra), 55, 558, 561, 566, 586
    • Reconstruction and development, 160, 174
    • Silver purchases: India, 531; United Kingdom, 524, 531; United States, 322, 325, 327–328, 329, 346, 521, 523, 526, 530–531, 532–533, 537, 546, 562, 563, 566, 567
    • Smuggling in North China, 660, 685, 718, 724
    • U. S. financial aid, question of:
      • Chen mission to United States, 272–273, 342–343, 541, 544, 545, 551, 557–558, 562, 567, 568
      • Cotton and wheat credits, 60, 539, 542–543, 546–550, 563, 586
      • General situation, 36–37, 68, 165, 240, 325, 364–366, 388, 409, 435, 495, 520–521, 524–530 passim, 536, 539, 546–551, 553, 555–556, 557, 558, 559, 562, 563–565, 566–576, 577, 582–589
      • Loans: Commodity or relief loan, consideration of, 544, 547–549, 551, 553, 554, 557, 559, 563–564; Guaranty Trust Co. loan, 555–556, 564–565; reports and rumors concerning loans, 10, 14, 522, 523–524, 532, 546, 559–560, 565; tung oil project (Export-Import loan), 568–576, 577, 582–588, 589–590
  • Extraterritoriality, 75, 93, 148, 151
  • Floods, 197, 205–206, 210, 506–507
  • Foreign rights and interests in (see also Customs problems, supra, and Salt administration, infra):
    • Japanese attitude toward, 119, 123–124, 144–146, 200, 349, 355, 366, 374–375, 387–388, 400–401, 404, 405, 414, 428, 434, 439
    • U. S. rights and interests: Demands presented to Japanese, 200, 204–205, 211–213; enumeration of, 120, 145–146, 204–205, 212, 213, 392; Japanese violation, 205, 406–409; preservation of, 202, 203–204, 236–237, 278–279, 401–402; representations to Japan, 32–33, 200, 212, 279, 355, 391–392
  • France, relations with. See Customs problems: Anglo-Japanese agreement, supra; and under France.
  • Germany, relations with. See under Germany.
  • Italy, military supplies from, 21, 214, 365, 366, 592, 593, 597, 602, 612
  • Japan, relations with. See Undeclared war and under Japan.
  • Kung, H. H.: Financial negotiations and policy, 272–273, 525, 557, 558, 588–589, 641–642, 661, 664, 669, 695–696, 697, 702; position in National Government, 4n, 177, 427, 519
  • Kuomintang. See under National Government, infra.
  • Loans and aid. See China under France, Soviet Union, and United Kingdom; also Customs problems: Loan, supra, and U. S. financial aid under Economic and financial matters, supra.
  • “Manchoukuo,” question of recognition by China, 93, 148, 428
  • Maritime customs. See Customs problems, supra.
  • National Government:
    • Capital moved from Hankow to Chungking, 251n
    • Chiang Kai-shek. See Chiang Kai-shek.
    • Communists, relations with. See under Communists, supra.
    • Domestic policy, 35–36, 59–60, 130, 133–134, 154, 158, 159, 160, 161, 176, 195–196, 221, 356–357, 376, 434
    • Foreign policy, 133–134, 158, 159, 175, 178
    • Freedom of speech, publication, and assembly, 134
    • Japanese withdrawal of recognition, 14, 25, 27, 29–30, 40, 43, 68, 72, 83, 85, 198–199, 251, 368
    • Kuomintang: Communist members, 253–254; founding and early years, 179; National Congress (Mar. 29–Apr. 1), 133–134, 158–161; terrorists, 194
    • Political activity: General, 375–376, 427, 519; People’s Political Council, 134, 159, 247, 349–350, 365, 427; United Front, 79–80, 130, 160–161, 253, 388, 398
    • “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” non-recognition of, 36
    • “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” attitude toward, 130
  • “Open door” and equality of opportunity, principle of, 53, 90, 143, 204, 206, 212, 367, 374, 391, 402, 403, 404, 419, 423, 437, 439, 447, 587; U. S. protest against Japanese violation of, 391–392
  • Outer Mongolia, Chinese attitude toward purchase of U. S. planes by, 599–600, 602–604
  • Paracel Islands, claim to, 219
  • Puppet regimes. See “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” and “United Council of the Republic of China” under Undeclared war.
  • Salt administration: Loans secured by, 668, 670, 673, 680, 683–684; preservation of, 667–668, 669, 670, 674–675, 722–723, 726–727, 728, 730–731, 732–733, 751; U. S. attitude, 669, 670
  • Soong, T. V., 107, 110–111, 157, 386, 387, 525
  • Soviet Union, relations with. See under Soviet Union.
  • Tang Shao-yi, 125, 220–221, 229
  • Treaty with United States (1844), cited, 584–585
  • United Kingdom, relations with. See Customs problems: Anglo-Japanese agreement and Representations, supra; also, United Kingdom: China; and under Undeclared war.
  • Wang Ching-wei, 158, 177, 220–221, 427, 435–436, 441
• Chou En-lai, 299–300, 313–314, 333–334
• Chrysler Corp., 538
• Commercial treaties and agreements. See under Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Communism (see also Anti-Comintern pacts; China: Communists; and Soviet Union): Communist International, Seventh World Congress (1935), view of China, 79–80; Japan, attitude toward, 13, 25, 428; “Manchoukuo,” Communist activities in, 443–445, 454–455
• Conferences, etc.:
  • Brussels Conference (1937), 40, 45, 144, 152–153, 374, 520, 521, 611, 702
  • Communist International, Seventh World Congress (1935), 79
  • Japanese Imperial Conference (Jan. 11), 11, 14, 15, 18, 22–23, 24–25
  • Kuomintang National Congress (Mar. 29–Apr. 1), 133–134, 158–161
  • London Naval Conferences (1930 and 1936), 97
  • Peking Tariff Conference of 1925–26, 633
  • Yenan Conference (Sept. 28–oct. 7), 299–300, 313, 397–398
• Conventions. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Czechoslovakia (see also European political situation; Munich Agreement), 592, 593, 612
• Denmark, 214, 592, 593, 597, 602
• Diplomatic and consular relations. See under Undeclared war.
• Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., 599–600, 602–604
• Dulles, John Foster, 119–121
• Ecuador, 502, 503
• European political situation: Effect on Far East, 5, 38–39, 281, 287–288, 290, 296, 298–299, 316, 319, 332, 334, 335–336, 344–345, 347–349, 388–389, 404, 405, 411–412, 560–561; general, 5, 6, 7, 117
• Export-Import Bank of Washington: Aid to China, question of, 521, 537, 538–540, 546, 547–548, 566–567, 586; tung oil loan, 568–576, 577, 582–588, 589–590
• Extraterritoriality: China, 75, 93, 148, 151; “Manchoukuo,” 441–442, 446–448
• Far Eastern situation (see also European political situation: Effect on Far East): General, 234–237, 374–375, 387, 400; U. S. policy, 151–153, 368
• Fisheries question in Alaska, 28, 162
• Ford Motor Co., 610
• France (see also European political situation; Indo-China; Munich Agreement; and under Undeclared war):
  • China (see also China: Customs problems: Anglo-Japanese agreement): Loans to China, consideration and policy, 62–63, 67, 508, 520–521, 535, 541, 544, 545, 552; military supplies to China, 113, 136, 214, 351–352, 364, 366, 592, 593, 594, 596–597, 602, 606, 612
  • Japan: Naval construction, Japanese attitude toward U. S.-British-French démarche concerning, 76, 84, 96–101; relations with, 218–220, 319, 356, 715; shipment of armaments via Indo-China, Japanese protest over, 607; trade with, 220, 534
  • League of Nations, activity in, 493, 496, 498, 499, 505–506, 514
  • Paracel Islands, activity on, 219–220, 534
• French Indo-China. See Indo-China.
• Germany (see also Anti-Comintern pacts; European political situation; Munich Agreement; Undeclared war: Germany and Peace proposals):
  • China: Barter arrangement (1935), 602; military advisers to, 2–3, 21, 106, 182, 183, 191–192, 198, 202, 213; military supplies to, 21, 106, 182, 183, 192, 214, 364–365, 366, 591–592, 593, 597, 601–602, 606, 612; miscellaneous, 255–256, 307, 445
  • Italy, cultural convention with (Nov. 23), 403
  • Japan, cultural convention with (Nov. 25), 396, 403–404
  • League of Nations, German attitude toward League policy, 445
  • “Manchoukuo”: Changkufeng affair, German intervention in, 271; recognition, and treaty of amity (Map 12), 106–107, 445, 446, 448, 450, 451–452
• Good offices. See Undeclared war: Mediation and good offices.
• Grain Stabilization Corp., 566, 586
• Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
• Guaranty Trust Co., 555–556, 564–565
• Hitler, Adolf, 124, 445, 446, 448
• Holy See, 621
• Hong Kong: Armament shipments to China through, 20, 74, 132–133, 136, 213, 215, 317, 364, 378, 520, 591, 592, 593, 597–598; British attitude toward possible Japanese attack on, 17, 22, 69; general position of, 82, 90, 143
• Hungary, 406
• Indo-China:
  • Armament shipments to China through, 20, 136, 164, 207, 213, 214, 218–219, 319–320, 327, 351–352, 364, 375, 383, 520, 591, 592–596, 601, 605–609, 612; embargo on, 594–595, 596, 607, 608, 610–612, 613, and Chinese protest, 609
  • Miscellaneous, 218–219, 319, 596
• Inner Mongolia, 263, 428
• International Labor Office, 127
• Italy (see also Anti-Comintern pacts; European political situation; Munich Agreement; and under Undeclared war):
  • China, military supplies to, 21, 214, 365, 366, 592, 593, 597, 602, 612
  • Germany, cultural convention with (Nov. 23), 403
  • Japan: Good-will mission to, 125; trade and barter agreements with, 453–454
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 8, 120, 187
• Japan (see also Anti-Comintern pacts; League of Nations; and Undeclared war):
  • Airplanes, U. S. disapproval of sales to Japan by American manufacturers, 327, 329, 566, 617–626 passim
  • Alaska fisheries, question, 28, 162
  • American loans, question of, 228, 408, 527, 625, 626
  • Australia, mining company in, 579–580
  • China (see also China: Customs problems, Foreign rights and interests, and Salt administration):
    • Cooperation with, question of, 150–151, 177, 178, 428
    • Immigration of Japanese, 123, 171
    • National Government, Japanese withdrawal of recognition of, 14, 25, 27, 29–30, 40, 43, 68, 72, 83, 85, 198–199, 251, 368
    • Policy toward: Economic, 53, 206, 355, 393, 437, 438; general, 11, 13, 14, 23, 24–25, 27–28, 53, 101, 104–105, 121, 123, 127, 129, 138–139, 144, 162, 178, 235, 251, 263–264, 330, 333–334, 349, 354, 360, 366–368, 383, 387, 391, 397, 399, 404, 416–417, 429–431, 433–434, 437, 438, 457; Hirota three-point program, 53, 178; pre-war relations and policy, 173, 174, 175–176
  • Economic and financial matters, 227, 228, 299, 309–310, 383, 400, 527, 534
  • Foreign policy (see also China: Policy toward, supra):
    • “Continental” policy. See East Asia, infra.
    • East Asia: Cultural mission, 123; general, 171, 308, 356, 363, 366–368, 374, 391, 397, 403, 404; “Southward Advance,” 97, 98, 170–172, 326, 607
    • General, 24n, 82, 127, 168–169, 171, 299, 356, 366–368, 393–394
    • Western: Attitude toward possible conflct in Europe, 292, 296, 298–299, 300–303, 307, 310, 314–315; general, 354; withdrawal from European affairs, 299, 308–309
  • France. See under France.
  • General relations with United States, 53, 82, 83, 122, 212, 282, 326, 392–394, 417–418, 420–421, 422–423, 571–573, 574, 575
  • Germany, cultural convention with (Nov. 25), 396, 403–404
  • Government: Foreign Office, reorganization of, 168–170, 318, 345, 354; Imperial Conference (Jan. 11), 11, 14, 15, 18, 22–23, 24–25; political situation, 82, 129, 138–139, 162, 169, 199–200, 202, 318, 345, 349, 354, 400, 405, 416, 418, 420, 432
  • Hungary, cultural pact with (Nov. 15), 406
  • International Labor Office, withdrawal from, 127
  • Italy: Good-will mission from, 125; trade and barter agreements with, 453–454
  • “Manchoukuo.” See under “Manchoukuo.”
  • Mandated islands, 171, 172
  • Naval construction, Japanese reaction to U. S.-British-French démarche concerning, 76, 84, 96–101
  • Paracel Islands, interest in, 219
  • Permanent Court of International Justice, relations with, 127
  • Poland, cultural pact with (1936), 405
  • Propaganda in United States, 235, 268
  • Sakhalin, 162, 293–294
  • Soviet Union, relations with. See “Manchoukuo”: Japanese-Soviet border clashes; and under Soviet Union.
  • Trade relations with United States: Consideration of refusing supplies to, 328–329, 357, 364, 388; military supplies, sale of, 593–594, 618, 619–620, 621–623, 624–626; trade with, 245, 393, 394; treaty of commerce and navigation (1911), consideration of termination, 244–246, 408, 427, 573
  • United Kingdom, relations with. See under United Kingdom.
  • War with United States, possibility of, 99, 237, 296–297, 407, 426, 571–573, 575
• Johnson Act (1934), 555
• Korea: Foreign interests, Japanese exclusion of, 90; territory involved in Japanese-Soviet border clashes, 460, 462, 464, 465, 466, 482
• Latvia, 517
• League of Nations:
  • China’s appeal for sanctions against Japan under League Covenant, 488–519
    • Application of arts. 10, 11, 16, and 17 of Covenant, question of, 390, 404, 494, 498, 503, 505, 508–518 passim; report of League Council (Sept. 30) declaring art. 16 applicable, 514–515, 515–516, 517–518
    • Attitudes and actions of various countries:
      • Belgium, 514, 517
      • China (see also League Council action, infra): Appeal for aid, 505, 506, 508, 509, 554, 556–557; appeal for embargo, 509; pressure for League action, 280, 489, 490, 491, 500, 503, 515–516, 518–519; protests against Japanese conduct of war, 504, 505, 509
      • Ecuador, 502, 503
      • France, 493, 496, 498, 499, 505–506, 514
      • Greece 514
      • Japan, 99, 509, 510, 511, 514
      • Latvia, 517
      • Peru, 502, 503
      • Poland, 494, 496, 497, 502, 503, 505, 510
      • Soviet Union, 497, 514
      • Sweden, 514, 517
      • United Kingdom, 489–493, 496–499, 501, 504, 506, 514
      • United States, 500, 511–513, 516, 519
    • League Council action: Report (Sept. 30) declaring art. 16 of Covenant applicable, 514–515, 515–516, 517–518; resolution of Feb. 2, 491, 492–493, 494, 496–499, 501–503; resolutions (May 14 and Sept. 30) concerning use of poison gas, 504–505, 507, 515, 516–517, 518
  • Committees: Advisory Committee, 59, 488, 489, 490, 491, 500; Communications and Transit, 506–507
  • Germany, attitude toward League policy, 445
  • Reports and resolutions of 1937, cited, 365–368, 491, 514, 613
• London Naval Conferences (1930 and 1936), 97
• Macao, 214, 592, 601
• “Manchoukuo”:
  • Changkufeng incidents. See Japanese-Soviet border clashes, infra.
  • Communists: Activity of, 443–445, 454–455; Soviet aid to, 444
  • Economic and financial matters: Customs organization, Japanese failure to pay quotas due for foreign obligations, 634; exchange restrictions, effect on American firms, 448–450; foreign interests, exclusion of, 90; railways, failure to meet obligations to American firms, 452–453, 487–488; smuggling, 445
  • Extraterritorial rights: Abolition of, 441–442, 446–448; agreement with Japan (1937), 442, 447
  • Germany. See under Recognition, infra.
  • Hunchun Treaty, 463, 467, 468, 469, 471, 476, 479
  • Italy, trade and barter agreements with, 453–454
  • Japan: Emigration to “Manchoukuo,” 171; “Japan-‘Manchoukuo’-China” bloc, 403, 404; nationals and juridical persons of third countries, Japanese attitude toward “Manchoukuo’s” policy, 448; Sino-Japanese cooperation in, question of, 150; troops in, 53, 126, 451
  • Japanese-Soviet border clashes, 441–488
    • Military activity, 95, 238, 250, 253, 262, 443, 445, 450, 455–465, 470, 472, 473, 476, 477–478, 479, 480, 482; casualties, 482
    • Negotiation of settlement, 271, 326, 455–456, 457, 458, 462, 463–464, 465, 466–472, 473–477, 478–485; German intervention, 271, 484–485; violation of truce, 481
    • Re-demarcation of boundary, 456, 468–469, 474, 476, 478, 484
  • Military activity (see also under Japanese-Soviet border clashes, supra): Anti-bandit campaign, 444; army mutinies, 444; Lyushikov affair, 483; mobilization law, 451
  • Poland, reciprocity agreement (Oct. 19), exchange of notes, 486–487
  • Recognition, question of, by—
    • China, 93, 148, 428
    • Germany, treaty of amity (May 12), 106–107, 445, 446, 448, 450, 451–452
  • Russo-Chinese treaty of 1860, 471, 476
  • Russo-Japanese agreement of 1907, 463
  • Smuggling, 445
  • Soviet Union, relations with (see also Japanese-Soviet border clashes, supra), 162, 443–444
• Manchuria. See “Manchoukuo.”
• Mandated islands, Japanese, 171, 172
• Mao Tse-tung, 274
• Mediation. See under Undeclared war.
• Mongolia, Inner, 263, 428
• Mongolia, Outer. See Outer Mongolia.
• Munich Agreement (Sept. 29), 307, 310, 314, 332, 335–336, 344–345, 347–349, 388–389, 405
• Munitions. See Undeclared war: Arms and munitions.
• Narcotics, 337
• Netherlands: Military supplies to China, 597; sanctions against Japan, 116
• Neutrality Act (1937): Invocation and provisions, 86, 624; loans to China, bearing on, 526–527, 539, 547, 548, 569, 571
• Nine Power Treaty (1922) (see also Brussels Conference):
  • Application to Far Eastern situation, 13, 46–47, 89, 91–92, 144, 151–153, 383, 703
  • Provisions: Citations, 90, 143, 570, 584, 585; modifications considered, 46–47
  • Reconvening of signatories, consideration of, 57–58, 80, 280, 375, 490, 491, 495, 498, 499–500, 513–514; U. S. attitude, 57–58, 498, 499–500, 513–514
  • Violation by Japan, 36, 90, 127, 143, 367, 403, 404, 419
• Norway, 597
• “Open door” policy. See under China.
• Outer Mongolia: Sino-Soviet negotiations, 70–71, 137; Soviet troops in, 71; U. S. planes, purchase of, 599–600, 602, 604
• Paracel Islands, 219–220, 326, 534
• Permanent Court of International Justice 127
• Peru, 315, 502, 503
• Poison gas. See under Undeclared war: Military operations.
• Poland: Foreign relations, 406, 412; Japan, cultural pact with (1936), 405; “Manchoukuo,” exchange of notes establishing reciprocity (Oct. 19), 486–487; non-aggression pact with Soviet Union, extension of, 406; sanctions against Japan, consideration of, 315, 494, 496, 497, 502, 503, 505, 510
• Reconstruction Finance Corp. (see also China: Economic and financial matters: U. S. financial aid: Cotton and wheat credits), 547, 566–567, 586
• Red Cross, 193, 550
• Refugee and relief activities. See under Undeclared war.
• Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. See Anti-Comintern pacts.
• Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President): Chiang Kai-shek, correspondence with, 36–37, 59–61, 312–313, 321–322, 325, 376–377; China relief campaign, 566; Japanese peace terms, comment on, 3, 11, 14, 522; Kung, H. H., correspondence with, 272–273, 342–343; mediation requested by China, 10, 312–313; tung oil project, attitude toward, 568, 575, 582
• Roosevelt, Theodore, part in Russo-Japanese peace negotiations (1905), 60
• Rubber Export Association, 610
• Sakhalin, 162, 293–294
• Sanctions. See League of Nations and under Undeclared war: Japan: Retaliatory measures.
• Shipping. See under Undeclared war: China.
• Smuggling: “Manchoukuo,” 445; North China, 660, 685, 718, 724
• Soong, T. V., 107, 110–111, 157, 386, 387, 525
• South Manchuria Railway Co., 156
• Soviet Union (see also Anti-Comintern pacts; “Manchoukuo”: Japanese-Soviet border clashes; and under Undeclared war):
  • Army, strength and preparations in Far East, 71, 80, 126, 447
  • China (see also China: Communists):
    • Aid to China, 62–63, 67, 295, 364, 366, 373, 534; Sun Fo mission to Moscow, 70–71, 114, 136–137, 164–165, 210, 530
    • Armaments supplied to China, 5, 6, 20, 71, 107, 114, 135–136, 137, 165, 180, 210, 214, 295, 320, 352, 373, 384, 489, 508, 530, 592, 602, 608; overland shipping routes, 213, 214, 320, 420, 591, 592, 593, 595–596, 601
    • Relations: General, 178–180, 295; non-aggression treaty (1937), 180, 364; sphere of influence in, 109, 274–275
  • Japan, relations with: Consulates, closing of, 162, 294, 472; general, 57, 114, 126–127, 137, 293–294, 400, 485–486; incidents, 137, 161–162, 294, 443
  • League of Nations, activity in, 497, 514
  • Litvinov, Maxim, statements and attitude toward Japanese-Soviet border clashes, 458, 468–469, 470, 473–479 passim, 483–484; toward undeclared war, 19–20, 22, 25
  • “Manchoukuo,” relations with, 162, 443–444
  • Outer Mongolia, Soviet position concerning, 70–71, 137, 600
  • Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905), 294, 455
  • Stalin, Joseph, 165, 364
• Standard Vacuum Oil Co., 228
• Stilwell, Col. Joseph W., reports on Sino-Japanese situation, 8, 115–116, 154
• Stuart, Dr. John Leighton, 109–110, 111–113, 114–115, 117, 119, 124
• Sweden: Activity in League of Nations, 514, 517; armaments to China, 214, 592, 593, 602
• Switzerland, 214, 602
• Tariff Act of 1930, 409, 419, 426–427
• Tariff Conference of 1925–26, Peking, 633
• Treaties, conventions, etc.:
  • Amity, treaty of, Germany–“Manchoukuo” (May 12), 450, 451–452
  • Anti-Comintern pacts. See Anti-Comintern pacts.
  • Boxer Protocol (1901), 77–78, 86
  • Commercial treaties and agreements:
    • Italy–“Manchoukuo” (July 5), cited, 453
    • Japan–United Kingdom (1911), 265, 357
    • U. S.–China (1844), cited, 584–585
    • U. S.–Japan: 1894, 246; 1911, consideration of termination, 244–246, 408, 427, 573
  • Cultural conventions:
    • Germany–Italy (Nov. 23), 403
    • Germany–Japan (Nov. 25), 396, 403–404
    • Hungary–Japan (Nov. 15), 406
    • Japan–Poland (1936), 405
  • Germany – Italy – Japan protocol (1937) (see also Anti-Comintern pacts), 308
  • Germany–Japan agreement (1936) (see also Anti-Comintern pacts), 308
  • Hunchun Treaty, 463, 467, 468, 469, 471, 476, 479
  • Japan–“Manchoukuo” agreement of 1937, 442, 447
  • Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928), 36, 89
  • London Naval Treaty (1936), 97, 100
  • Munich Agreement. See Munich Agreement.
  • Nine Power Treaty. See Nine Power Treaty.
  • Non-aggression pact, Poland–Soviet Union (1932), extension of (Nov. 26), 406
  • Non-aggression treaty, China–Soviet Union (1937), 180, 364
  • Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905), 294, 455
  • Reciprocity, Poland-“Manchoukuo” (Oct. 19), 486–487
  • Russo-Chinese Treaty of 1860, 471, 476
  • Russo-Japanese agreement of 1907, 463
  • Tariff autonomy, U. S.–China (1928), 60
  • Transit, Convention and Statute on Freedom of (1921), 610
• Undeclared war between Japan and China:
  • Air activity. See Military operations: Bombings, infra.
  • Amoy, customs problems, 729, 734
  • Anglo-American consultations on policy and advisable steps (see also under Mediation and Peace proposals, infra): Diplomatic and consular relations with members of puppet governments and territorial officials, 38, 43–44, 87–88, 102–103, 118, 311, 413; Eden’s alleged statement of secret Anglo-American alliance, 63, 69; exchange of information, 3–4, 39, 87, 173, 581; naval power, consideration of use as threat, 7–8, 19, 90, 142–143, 144, 145; diplomatic offices and troops in North China, 3–4, 31–32, 33, 34, 38, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 66, 67, 86–87, 303, 304
  • Arms and munitions:
    • Chinese National Government: Chinese manufacture, 598; foreign powers, supply by, 5, 6, 20, 21, 71, 106, 107, 113, 114, 135–136, 137, 165, 180, 182, 183, 192, 201, 210, 214, 295, 320, 351–352, 364–366, 384, 489–490, 508, 530, 591–597 passim, 601–602, 605, 606, 608, 612; general situation, 8, 124, 132–133, 214–215, 269, 264–266, 372, 373, 376, 381, 530, 543, 575, 591–613 passim; supply routes, 20–21, 74, 132–133, 136, 213–214, 346, 364–365, 386–387, 530, 591, 592, 601; types of supply, 214, 595, 596, 597, 600–602, 605, 606, 612
    • Japan, 124, 327, 365, 593–594, 618, 619, 620, 621–623, 624–626
  • Blockade (see also China: Shipping, infra), 15, 20, 186, 214, 601, 607
  • Bombings. See under Military operations, infra.
  • Canton (see also South China, infra):
    • Customs problems: Information concerning, 744, 750; U. S., British, and French representations to Japan regarding integrity of Chinese Maritime Customs, 748–749, 751–752
    • Military operations: Attack and fall, 287, 307, 315, 317, 318, 320–321, 323, 329–330, 331, 332, 333, 335, 341–342, 347–348; attitude toward hostilities, 132–133; bombings, 168, 192, 193, 197, 226, 614–616, 620; ease and rapidity of Japanese occupation, estimated reasons for, 333, 337–340, 343–344, 350, 382, 424–425; Japanese strategy, 377–378; looting, 329–330, 335, 342; naval operations, 168, 342, 353
    • Peace Maintenance Committee, 422
    • Refugees, 332, 333, 335, 353
    • U.S. citizens, 193
  • Casualties, 192, 193, 197, 223, 321, 337, 561, 613, 614
  • Central China (see also “Reformed Government of the Republic of China” and Japan: Administration of occupied territory, infra): Economic development, 128, 169, 200, 203, 206, 413–414, 432, 578; Japanese special position in, 263–264; military operations, 435; refugees, 550
  • Central China Rehabilitation Co., 128, 169, 200, 203, 206, 413–414, 432, 578
  • Chefoo: Customs problems, 633, 707, 709, 729, 735, 737; Harbor Commission, 738–740, 741–743, 747, 748; occupation of, 643; U. S. Consulate taken over by Japanese naval cutter, 739
  • Chiang Kai-shek. See Chiang Kai-shek.
  • China (see also Central China, supra, North China and South China, infra):
    • Advisers, military, 2–3, 21, 106, 182, 183, 191–192, 198, 202, 213
    • Air activity, 56–57, 206
    • Blockade of Chinese ports by Japan (see also Shipping, infra), 15, 186, 214, 601
    • Communists, Chinese: Military activity of, 115, 154, 179–180, 229, 232, 269–270, 274–275, 330–331; Wuhan, defense of, 262, 300, 313
    • Diplomatic representation in Japan, 32–33, 51–52, 54–55, 85, 196
    • Economic reprisals against China by foreign powers, question of, 153
    • Foreign rights and interests in. See under China.
    • Military program and strategy, 154, 176, 195, 336, 356–357, 375–376, 381; Supreme War Council, 158
    • Peace movement, 373
    • Review of first ten months of conflict, 173–181
    • “Self-determination”, 160
    • Shipping (see also Blockade, supra), Japanese restrictions on Chinese rivers, 336, 345, 348, 352, 353, 359, 360, 374, 392, 393
    • Territorial integrity and sovereign rights, Japanese assurances of, 159, 207, 263, 337, 402
    • U. S. diplomatic offices and armed forces in China, 31–32, 33, 58–59, 61–62, 75, 86–87, 94, 188–189, 303, 304–305
    • U. S. military supplies, 214, 489–490, 521, 525–526, 592, 593, 594, 597, 602, 605
  • China Aviation Co., 421
  • China Economic Inquiry Commission, 128
  • Chinwangtao customs problems, 630, 640, 664, 677, 685, 693, 707, 709
  • Diplomatic and consular relations (see also Anglo-American consultations, supra):
    • Chinese representation in Japan, 32–33, 51–52, 54–55, 85, 196; question of U. S. assumption of Chinese interests, 48, 51, 54–55
    • Diplomatic offices and troops of foreign powers in China (U. S., British, and French), 3–4, 31–32, 33, 34, 55–56, 58–59, 61–62, 67, 75–76, 77–78, 86–87, 94, 102–103, 187, 188–189, 303, 304–305
    • Japanese Consulates in Soviet territory, 162, 294, 472
    • Japanese representation in occupied China. See “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” and Japan: Administration of occupied territory, infra.
    • Japanese withdrawal of recognition of National Government of China, 14, 25, 27, 29–30, 40, 43, 68, 72, 83, 85, 198–199, 251, 368
    • U. S. Consulate at Chefoo, premises taken over by Japanese naval authorities, 739
    • U. S. officer at Nanking, assault on, 65, 66
  • “East Hopei Anti-Communist Government”, 59
  • Formosa, 83, 323
  • France: Canton, French representations to Japan against indiscriminate bombing, 616; Chinese customs issue, 86; diplomatic offices and troops, 3–4, 31–32, 34, [Page 764] 59n, 75–76, 77–78, 86–87, 102, 103; Far Eastern situation, attitude toward, 5, 319; French citizens in Chinese military forces, 219; Hainan, reaction to possible Japanese occupation of, 207, 209–210, 219; non-intervention policy, 116, 218, 219
  • Germany: Brutality of Japanese troops, attitude toward, 50; Far Eastern situation, view of, 41, 271, 272, 307, 445; neutrality declaration, 21–22, 40–41; settlement of conflict, inclusion in, 255–256
  • Good offices. See Mediation and good offices, infra.
  • Hainan, 82, 207, 209–210, 219, 290, 319, 326, 607
  • Hankow (see also Wuhan Refugee Zone, infra): Attack and occupation, 21, 163, 172, 182, 194–195, 197, 210, 213, 222, 231–232, 238, 262, 277–278, 315, 320–321, 330–331, 334, 335, 336–337, 341, 342, 344, 346–347, 352–353, 507, 561; bombing, 738; Hupeh Self-Protection Corps, 347; looting, 347; Safety Zone, 106, 108
  • Hopei: “East Hopei Anti-Communist Government,” 59; military operations, 223, 224, 269–270, 274
  • Incidents: Ladybird, 24, 641; Monocacy, 278, 345; Panay, 24, 29, 48, 192, 641; Shanghai, 7–8, 185–187; U. S. officer in Nanking, assault on, 65, 66; U. S. rights and interests affected, 205, 211–212
  • Italy: Aviators serving Japanese forces, 59; Far Eastern situation, attitude toward, 271, 272; mediation proposals by Italian Ambassador in China, 105, 110, 254–255, 271
  • Japan (see also Military operations, infra):
    • Administration of occupied territory (see also “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” and “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” infra): Asia Promotion Board (Koa-in), 431–433, 440; China Affairs Bureau, 122–123, 125, 128; China Board, 405, 429; China Economic Affairs Bureau, 127–129; China Organ, 199–200, 203, 206, 354–355; Bureau of the New System in Asia, 391: East Asia Bureau, 168, 169, 420; “Federal Republic of China.” 429–431; Koa-in, 431–433, 440; “United Council of the Republic of China,” 297, 368–369, 371, 416–417, 418, 420; Wu Pei Fu, Marshal, 417, 418, 429–430, 440
    • Army: General situation, 35, 104–105, 114, 393; military strategy and program, 197–198, 205–206, 223–224, 345, 349; mobilization law, 222; morale; 234, 250; reinforcements, 101, 118, 193; troops disguised as medical personnel, 249
    • Belligerent rights, 72, 279
    • Blockade of Chinese ports (see also Shipping, infra), 15, 186, 214, 601
    • Declaration of war, possibility of, 11, 14, 15, 24, 55, 62–63, 65, 68, 72, 85–86, 201
    • Konoye, Prince Fumimaro, 68, 129, 138–139, 162, 198–199, 306, 349, 366–367, 387
    • Peace terms. See under Peace proposals, infra.
    • Retaliatory measures against Japan by foreign powers, question of: Economic reprisals, 153, 173, 357–358, 390, 401–402, 407–409, 418–419, 422–424, 571, 573, 581–582, 588; embargo, 246, 579; sanctions, 99, 116, 173, 228, 235, 240, 306, 390, 510–512, 514–518
    • Shipping (see also Blockade, supra), Japanese restrictions on Chinese rivers, 336, 345, 348, 352, 353, 359, 360, 374, 392, 393
    • Soviet Union, possibility of war with, 5, 6, 19–20, 25, 71, 80–81, 94–95, 107, 114, 136, 253–254, 287, 296, 310, 451, 458–459, 462, 466, 470, 474
    • Yoshida, Shigeru, suggestions of mediation, 139–140, 207, 209
  • Kwangchowwan (see also Kwangtung, infra), 213–214, 592, 601, 608, 611
  • Kwangtung (see also South China, infra), 41–42, 132–133, 318, 330, 434–435
  • Kwantung, 150, 234
  • League of Nations. See League of Nations.
  • Mediation and good offices (see also Peace proposals, infra):
    • Anglo-American consideration, 140, 142, 155, 163, 238–239, 250–251
    • China: Official suggestions, 238–239, 241–242, 252, 255–258, 261–262, 263–264, 266, 268–271, 329; request by Chiang Kai-shek, 312–313; Sun Fo’s opinion, 164; suggestions to Wang Ching-wei from various sources, 220–221
    • Christians, Japanese and Chinese, suggestion for meeting of groups of, 166–167
    • Italian Ambassador in China, proposals by, 105, 110–111, 254–255, 271
    • Japan: Official suggestions, 166; proposal by Yoshida, 139–140, 207–209
    • U. S. position (see also U. S. private citizens, infra), 17, 44–47
    • U. S. private citizens, action by, 119–121; Stuart mission, 109–110, 111–113, 114–115, 117, 119, 124; U. S. attitude, 111, 166–167
  • Military operations (see also under Canton, supra, and South China, infra):
    • Atrocities and acts of terrorism (see also Bombings and Poison gas, infra), 37–38, 48–49, 50, 65, 66, 73, 84, 154, 161, 187, 215–217, 223–224, 242, 243; Chinese protests to League of Nations against Japanese conduct of war, 504, 505, 509
    • Bombings:
      • Effect on resistance spirit, 154, 161, 270
      • General, 56–57, 206, 224, 420, 738
      • Indiscriminate attacks on open towns and civilian populations, 212–213, 281, 321, 504, 509, 613–617, 619, 620, 623; League of Nations resolution against (1937), 613; U. S. attitude and representations to Japan, 616–617, 620–621; Vatican representations, 621
    • Ground activity, 8, 38, 42, 82, 118, 135, 138, 154, 172, 179, 180, 182, 183, 190, 194–195, 197, 205, 206, 222, 223, 224, 231–233, 243, 270, 273, 275, 279, 290, 302, 320, 321, 323, 330, 331, 336–337, 351, 352, 372, 373, 381, 382, 420, 434–435, 507, 520
    • Guerrilla activity, 8, 41, 115, 116, 154, 180, 181, 209, 269–270, 330, 332, 334, 337, 376; Kuomintang Youth Corps, 330
    • Naval activity: Anglo-American naval power, consideration of using, 7–8, 19, 90, 142–143, 144, 145; general, 9, 15, 20, 133, 168, 290, 341, 342, 344, 352, 353, 643
    • Poison gas: Alleged use of, 244, 272, 321, 504–505, 507, 509, 515, 518; League of Nations resolutions concerning, 505, 515, 516–517, 518
    • Reviews and analyses of general situation, 8, 62, 64–65, 74, 115–116, 131, 153–154
  • Military supplies. See Arms and munitions, supra.
  • Monocacy, 278, 345
  • Nanking: Chinese air raid, 56–57; Chinese soldiers, mass execution of, 13; International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone, 49–50, 52, 54, 74; Japanese troops, behavior of, 37–38, 48–49, 50, 65, 66, 73, 78, 94, 96, 176–177; U. S. diplomatic officer, assault on, 65, 66
  • Nanking Provisional Government. See “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” infra.
  • Non-interference and non-intervention policy (see also Neutrality Act): France, 116, 218, 219; Germany, 21–22, 40–41; United States, 537, 569
  • North China (see also “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” infra):
    • Diplomatic offices and troops of foreign powers: France, 3–4, 31–32, 59n, 75–76, 77–78, 86–87, 102, 103; United Kingdom, 3–4, 31–32, 34, 55–56, 58, 61, 67, 86–87; United States, 31–32, 58–59, 61–62, 75, 86–87, 303, 304
    • Economic and financial matters: Currency and foreign exchange, 227, 578, 673, 680, 681, 683, 686, 691, 693, 698, 705, 707, 715–716; embargo on export of hides and skins, 212; foreign traders, 227, 351, 578; North China Development Co., 128, 156, 200, 203, 206, 421, 432; Sino-Japanese Economic Council, 131, 155–156; smuggling, 660, 685, 718, 724; strikes in Kailan Mining Co., 131–132
    • Japanese special position in, 93, 148–149, 150, 263–264, 428
    • Soviet influence in, 274–275
  • North China Communications Co., 156, 169
  • North China Development Co., 128, 156, 200, 203, 206, 421, 432
  • Peace proposals (see also Mediation, supra, and Nine Power Treaty: Reconvening of signatories):
    • Anglo-American discussions of possible terms, 89–93, 141–153, 172–173
    • Chinese compromise agreement, impossibility of, 238, 334, 365, 373
    • Japanese demands, 110–111, 267, 372, 379, 395, 427–429, 433–434, 436, 441
    • Japanese terms, (Jan. 1): Chinese opinion and rejection, 2, 11–12, 27, 29–30, 40, 46; presentation and negotiations, 1–2, 4, 10–12, 24, 26–27, 29–30, 39–41, 46, 52–53, 199, 522; revision of terms by Imperial Conference, 15, 18, 24–25, 29; text and interpretation of terms, 1, 10, 30, 48
    • “Provisional Government” proposal, 210–211
  • Peiping Government. See “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” infra.
  • Poison gas. See under Military operations, supra.
  • “Provisional Government of the Republic of China” (see also North China, and Japan: Administration of occupied territory, supra):
    • Customs problems, 632–633, 634–635, 636–637, 638–639, 640, 643, 672, 678, 682, 685, 698, 705;
    • “East Hopei Anti-Communist Government,” merger with, 59
    • Ministry of Industries, 156
    • Recognition decisions by China, 36; Japan, 14, 30, 127; United States, 714
    • “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” relations with, 122, 130–131, 138, 163, 211, 297, 368–369; “National Conference” and “Assembly of People’s Delegates,” 371
    • Salt administration, 667
    • Shanghai, non-inclusion of, 629
    • Wang Keh-min, 43, 109, 131, 163, 210–211, 297, 368–369, 372, 431
  • Red Cross, 193, 550
  • “Reformed Government of the Republic of China” (see also Central China, and Japan: Administration of occupied territory, supra):
    • Customs problems, 672, 682, 703, 704, 708, 716, 720, 745
    • Economic and financial matters: Currency situation, 578–579, 716; economic development, 122, 128, 169, 200, 203, 206, 413–414, 432, 578; property rights of foreign nations, attitude toward, 135, 414
    • Formation and inauguration, 119, 121–122, 125, 129, 130, 311–312; Japanese policy, 438; manifesto quoted, 130
    • Liang Hung-chih, 125, 131, 297, 368, 369
    • National Government, attitude toward, 130
    • “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” relations with. See under “Provisional Government,” supra.
    • Recognition by United Kingdom, question of, 306
    • Tang Shao-yi, 193–194, 220–221
  • Refugee and relief activities (see also Wuhan Refugee Zone, infra): Anti-epidemic work, 506; Canton, 332, 333, 335, 353; Central China, 550; French activity, 506; Nanking, International Relief Committee, 49–50, 52, 54, 74; U. S. activity, 537, 566; West China, migration to, 550
  • Shanghai:
    • Administration, 91–92, 146–147, 148, 629
    • British attitude and desiderata, 185–187, 240–241
    • Customs situation and negotiations (see also China: Customs problems), 163, 167, 628–629, 632, 633, 635, 637, 641, 642, 644–645, 648–649, 650–653, 654, 658–661, 665, 688, 693, 699, 703, 704, 706, 707, 708–709, 710, 711–712, 713, 717–718, 719–721, 723–725, 728, 737
    • International Settlement: British troops in, 31–32, 33, 34, 75, 187; courts, “Reformed Government” appointments to, 181, 184–185, 305–306, 317, 398–399, 415; extraterritoriality, 75; incidents, Anglo-Japanese, 7–8, 185–187; Japanese troops in, 93–94, 95–96, 188–189, 242–243, 258–260, 266–267, 276; Municipal Council, 13, 216–217, 222–223, 225, 226, 305–306; possibility of Japanese seizure, 304–305; U. S. defense sector, intrusion of armed Japanese into, 258–260, 266–267, 276; U. S. troops in, 33, 75, 94, 188–189, 303, 304
    • Japanese troops, behavior of, 7–8, 38, 185–187
    • “Ta Tao Government,” 242, 259, 260
    • Terrorism, 84, 215–217, 242
  • Shansi, 115, 153–154, 180, 206, 223–224, 231, 265–270, 274, 345–346
  • Sinkiang, 165, 179
  • Soochow, 38
  • South China (see also Canton and Kwangtung, supra):
    • Japanese organization, 328
    • Military campaign: Chinese counterattack, 381, 434–435; foreign opposition to Japanese activity, 370–371; Japanese landings and campaign, 317–318, 321, 326–327; rapid conquest, estimated reasons for, 333, 337–340, 343–344, 350, 382, 424–425
  • Soviet Union: Aviators with Chinese army, 57, 180; Far Eastern policy, 81; Japanese indiscriminate bombings of Chinese towns, representations against, 619, 620; intervention, attitude toward, 116, 364; war with Japan, possibility of, 5, 6, 19–20, 25, 71, 80–81, 94–95, 107, 114, 136, 253–254, 287, 296, 310, 451, 458–459, 462, 466, 470, 474
  • “Ta Tao Government,” 242, 259, 260
  • Tientsin: British Concession, 56; customs problems, 630, 631, 636, 637, 640, 644, 648, 654–655, 660, 663–664, 670, 683, 693, 707, 709, 710, 716; Japanese controversies with French and British authorities, 302, 561; Salt administration, 667, 668; silver in, 324–325, 327–328, 346, 357
  • Tsingtao: Customs problems, 15, 633, 707, 709, 729, 734, 735; occupation, 9, 15, 17–18; salt interests, 684, 694
  • “United Council of the Republic of China” (see also Japan: Administration of occupied territory, supra), 297, 368–369, 371, 416–417, 418, 420; functions, 297; manifesto, 368–369
  • United Kingdom (see also Anglo-American consultations, Mediation, and Peace proposals, supra): Diplomatic offices and troops in China, 3–4, 31–32, 33, 34, 55–56, 58, 61, 67, 75, 86–87, 187; Japanese indiscriminate bombing of Canton, representations against, 614–615; naval activity, 334, 335, 346, 352; policy and attitude, 2, 5, 6, 17, 19, 83, 116, 157, 164, 185–187, 209–210, 239–241; rights and interests, 83, 90, 120, 239–241, 265, 359, 361, 401–402
  • U. S. general policy and attitude (see also Neutrality Act), 5, 6, 15, 16, 17, 22, 108, 126, 143, 145, 147, 537, 569, 572
  • West China, 349, 550
  • Whangpoo River, 241, 281
  • Wuchang Refugee Zone. See Wuhan Refugee Zone, infra.
  • Wuhan Refugee Zone (see also Hankow, supra): Chinese defense works proposed, 283, 285, 288–289, 290, 291, 298; negotiations concerning Hankow Safety Zone, 248, 277–278, 282, 284–291 passim, 298, 323–324; U. S. policy, 253, 284
  • Wuhu, 37, 48–49, 667
  • Yangtze (see also China: Floods): Internationalization, proposed, 109; shipping, 186, 241, 278, 336, 345
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• United Kingdom (see also European political situation; Munich Agreement; and under Undeclared war):
  • China (see also China: Customs problems: Anglo-Japanese agreement):
    • Aid: Aid granted, 292, 364, 366, 378–380, 508; loans, general policy and negotiations, 62–63, 67, 240, 275, 292, 364, 378, 384–392 passim, 416, 437, 505, 506, 520–521, 525, 531, 533–534, 535–537, 540, 541–542, 545, 551–553, 554, 559, 560–562, 565, 576, 580–582, 587–589, 591; Marsman proposition, 552–553; military supplies to, 136, 214, 489–490, 593, 597, 602, 605
    • Position in, 109, 268, 377–379, 380
  • Desiderata presented to Japan, 10, 240–241, 265, 275, 281, 292, 297, 359–360
  • Far East, historical position and policy, 363, 377–378
  • Italy, relations with, 8, 120, 187
  • Japan:
    • International relations, 46, 82–84, 119, 239–241, 263, 265–266, 275–276, 281, 282, 292, 297, 301, 306–307, 315–316, 336, 348, 356, 359–360, 361–363, 377–378, 396–397, 411–412, 418, 422–424, 437, 540
    • Naval construction, Japanese reaction to U. S.-British-French démarche concerning, 76, 84, 96–101
    • Retaliation against, British consideration of (see also League of Nations, infra), 275, 357–358
    • Trade relations: Armaments, British attitude toward sale of, 624–625; trade with, 581; treaty of commerce (1911), possible denunciation, 265, 357
  • League of Nations, activity in, 489–493, 496–499, 501, 504, 506, 514
• U. S. citizens:
  • Mediation action. See Undeclared war: Mediation: U. S. private citizens.
  • Service with foreign military forces, 28–29
• U. S. Marines, service in China, 33–34, 61–62, 188–189, 303–304, 341
• Universal Trading Corp. of New York, 586, 587
• Vatican, 621
• Wang Ching-wei, 158, 177, 220–221, 427, 435–436, 441
• West Coast Life Insurance Co., 448–449