Index

• Alliances or involvement, U. S. policy, 449–450, 457
• America-Japan Trust, 558–559, 562–563
• American capital invested in China, 430–431, 434
• American treaty rights and equality of commercial opportunity in occupied China, Japanese interference with, 606, 609–610, 613–615, 757–924
  • 1937–1938, 606, 609–610, 613, 614, 615, 757–826
    • Currency exchange control in North China:
      • Reports concerning, 763, 773–774, 783
      • U. S. reservation of rights and protests against discriminatory measures, 762–763, 782–783, 784, 786–787, 790; Japanese position, 797–798
    • Customs tariff, alterations in. See Interference with American trade, infra.
    • Economic “bloc” between Japan, China, and “Manchukuo,” Japanese statements concerning, 803, 815, 816–818
    • Extraterritoriality, U. S. reservation of rights and Japanese attitude, 609–610, 615
    • Interference with American trade and establishment of monopolies by Japan:
      • Reports concerning, 771–774
      • U. S. representations concerning, 614, 783–784, 784, 785, 787–788, 790; Japanese attitude, 606, 798–799, 815–816
    • Missionaries and mission property. See Occupation of American property, infra.
    • Monopolies. See Interference with American trade, supra.
    • Navigation of the Yangtze River, Japanese restrictions, 757, 760–761, 772, 789, 795–796; U. S. representations and reservation of rights, 757–758, 760, 761, 791–792, 793–795, 810, 812
    • Occupation of American property by Japanese forces:
      • Evacuation and restoration of certain properties by the Japanese, 767–768, 775, 779
      • Return of American citizens to interior points in China:
        • Statistics, 776–777
        • U. S. protests against Japanese restrictions, 763–766, 767, 768–769, 785, 788–789, 790; Japanese attitude, 774–776, 799
      • University of Shanghai, U. S. representations for return to its owners, 613, 764–765, 768, 777–778, 779–781; Japanese attitude, 768, 774–775, 778
    • Restrictions imposed by Japanese Army in Nanking, 761–762; in Shanghai, 758–760, 769–771
    • U. S. requests for Japanese implementation of assurances regarding maintenance of open door and non-interference with American rights, 781, 782–791, 805, 806–807, 808–811, 819, 820, 820–826; Japanese policy, based on establishment of a “new order” in East Asia, 781–782, 792–793, 797–805, 805–806, 807–808, 813–819, 819–820
    • Violation of property and other rights (see also Occupation of American property, supra), 784, 789, 790
  • 1939, 827–859
    • Anti-foreign propaganda by the Japanese: Discussions and U. S. statement of incidents involving anti-American demonstrations, 851, 854–857; Japanese position, 853–854
    • Commercial traffic on the Yangtze River, interruption of, 836–837
    • International Settlements:
      • Contentions of Japan as to rights in administration of, 845–846; U. S. views, 846–848
      • Disorders in Settlement at Amoy, U. S. naval detachment for protection of American citizens, 845, 857
      • Proposal of Japan for revision of land regulations and changes in administration of Settlement at Shanghai, 838–841; U. S. attitude, 841, 842–844, 846–848
    • Movements of American citizens in China, interference with, 835–837; cases cited, 835–836
    • Occupation of Hainan Island by Japanese forces, 830–831
    • Railways, Japanese control of: Claims of American firms against the Peiping-Suiyuan Railway, U. S. representations concerning, 849–851; consolidation of transportation facilities in North China and “Meng Chiang,” 834, 851
    • Trade restrictions, U. S. representations against, 831–832, 848–849; Japanese position, 833
    • U. S. policy concerning equality of opportunity and protection of American rights and interests: Address of Under Secretary of State, Jan. 27, 828–830; discussions concerning, 827–828, 852–853, 857–859
  • 1940, 860–900
    • American export trade, U. S. representations against discriminatory measures including control of shipment of raw materials for light industries in North China, 883–884, 889–892; Japanese policy, 895–896, 897, 898
    • American trade in petroleum products, interference with, U. S. representations, 860, 872–876; Japanese attitude, 899–900
    • Anti-American agitation, U. S. protests and citation of incidents, 862–864, 865, 881–883; Japanese observations, 864–865, 865–866, 868–871, 877–878, 897, 898–899
    • Chinese courts in French Concession at Shanghai, U. S. regret over Japanese alteration of status without consent of Chinese Government at Chungking, 892–893; Japanese attitude 893–894
    • Currency exchange control system in North China and other economic restrictions, U. S. representations, 861–862, 881, 884; Japanese position, 866–868, 871, 884–889, 898
    • Terrorism in Shanghai (see also Anti-American agitation, supra): Incident of July 7, 863, 877–878, 882, 896; reports and discussions, 863–864, 869–871, 881–882
    • U. S. policy of assistance to victims of aggression, 878–881
  • 1941, 901–924
    • American petroleum trade in Canton area, U. S. representations against restrictions, 904–905
    • Conversation between U. S. Ambassador and Japanese official concerning difficulties of U. S. interests in occupied China, 901–904
    • Mail censorship and delays, 906, 909, 917, 919, 920, 923
    • Missionaries, restrictions on, 909–910, 915, 921, 922
    • Occupation of properties of American firms by Japanese forces, U. S. representations, 906–907, 909; Japanese position, 919, 921
    • Police action, picketing, and similar interferences, 915–916, 917
    • Travel of Americans, U. S. protests against restrictions, 906, 908–909, 912, 913, 916, 924; Japanese attitude, 918, 921, 922
    • U. S. citation of cases of interference with American rights, and representations concerning, 907–912, 913–917, 922–923, 924; Japanese position, 912–913, 917–921, 921–922, 923–924
• Anti-Comintern Agreement, Japan–Germany–Italy, 439, 444, 480, 482, 811, 851–852
• Anti-foreign and anti-American agitation by the Japanese in China. See under American treaty rights: 1939, 1940.
• Anti-Japanese activities in China, Japanese contentions regarding, 15–16, 29, 164, 186, 329, 330, 361, 364, 366, 367–368, 400, 435, 441, 465, 477, 840–841
• Armament limitation. See Limitation of naval armament.
• Arms and ammunition, attitude of Japan toward supply of arms to China by third countries, 447–448
• Aviation, Japanese attacks on commercial airplanes, 619–620, 700–702, 703, 705–706
• Blockade by Japan against Chinese shipping along coast of China, 371–372, 389
• Bombings of civilians by the Japanese and other acts endangering the life and welfare of U. S. citizens in China, 487–726, 807, 810–811
  • 1937, situation in Nanking and Shanghai areas, 487–563
    • Bombing of Nanking:
      • Announcement by Japan of intention, 499–500
      • U. S. naval vessels at Nanking, 503
      • U. S. representations, 500–506, 508–509; Japanese attitude, 505, 505–506, 507
    • Bombing of Soochow, Japanese warning and U. S. efforts to prevent, 516
    • Incidents at Shanghai:
      • Attacks on American nationals, 513; Japanese expression of regret, 513
      • Bombs dropped in International Settlement, U. S. representations, 512, 515; Japanese position, 513–514, 515–516
      • Neutral vessels at Shanghai, danger from gunfire of opposing forces, 487–488
    • Information regarding American properties in China, U. S. Japanese discussions concerning, 488–489, 508, 509–511
    • League of Nations Advisory Committee on China, resolution adopted Sept. 27, 506; U. S. concurrence, 506
    • Representations by U. S., British, French, Italian, and German Ambassadors with regard to—
      • Attacks upon defenseless cities, hospitals, trains, etc., 491
      • Bombing operations in specified area of Nanking, 489, 494; Japanese attitude, 489–490
      • Hankow–Canton railway, 490–491, 491–492; Japanese attitude, 495, 500
    • U. S. representations (see also Bombing of Nanking and Incidents at Shanghai, supra; also U. S. S. Panay, infra):
      • Protest against attacks on American nationals and their property, 498–499, 500
      • Request for arrangements by Chinese and Japanese forces to preserve safety of foreign areas in Shanghai, 495–496; Japanese reply, 496–497
      • Request for discontinuance of bombing operations over Nanking which endanger civilian life and property, 492–495; Japanese position, 497–498
      • Reservation of rights concerning American life and property, 490, 497, 505, 510; Japanese attitude, 492, 507
    • U. S. S. Panay and other ships, bombing and sinking, Dec. 12, 517–563, 616–617
      • British and Chinese assistance in rescuing survivors, 538–540, 545, 546
      • Details: Account of events from Nov. 21 to Dec. 10, 517–519; press release of Department of State, Dec. 13, 521; report on the bombing and sinking, 532–541; statements of Japanese Ambassador and reports of Japanese naval authorities, 522, 525, 529, 531–532
      • Donations of cash by Japanese citizens for American victims: Efforts of U. S. Ambassador in Japan to determine suitable means of disposal of contributions, 528, 530, 553–558; establishment of the America-Japan Trust, 558–559, 562–563
      • Indemnifications by Japanese Government, 559, 560–562, 563
      • Investigation by Japanese naval and military officers, 531–532, 547–548
      • Measures of Japanese naval authorities to prevent similar incidents, 526–527, 552–553
      • Punishment of Japanese naval officers, 550, 560
      • Regrets and apologies of Japanese Government. See U. S. representations, infra.
      • Salvaging of Standard Oil Co. vessels by Japan for scrap metal, 616–617
      • U. S. Naval Court of Inquiry: Opinion, 546–547; report of findings, 541–546
      • U. S. representations:
        • Preliminary and oral, 519–520, 522–523, 525, 527, 528–529, 529–530; Japanese regrets and apologies, 521–522, 526–527, 529
        • Formal protests, 523–524, 525–526, 551–552; Japanese replies and U. S. acceptance, 524–525, 549–552
  • 1938, depredation of American property by Japanese forces, and interferences with American rights, 564–641, 807, 810–811
    • American ships: Boarding of merchant ships by Japanese, 591–593, 594; U. S. naval vessels, question of movements of, 597–599, 600–601, 626–627
    • Attack on commercial airplane, U. S. representations, 619–620
    • Desecration of American flag, 566–567, 568, 577, 582, 583
    • Informal representations by U. S. Ambassador along general lines, 605, 611–619; observations of Japanese Foreign Minister, 605–611
    • Looting of American property by Japanese troops (see also Missionaries and mission property, infra):
      • Reports concerning, 567–568
      • U. S. representations, 564–567, 568–569, 577; Japanese attitude, 577, 580–584
    • Measures of precaution recommended by Japan for protection of Americans (see also Situation at Hankow, infra):
      • Information regarding movements of foreign vessels, Japanese desire for, 597–599, 600; U. S. position, 600–601, 626–627
      • Marking of property and other precautions, Japanese requests, 576, 583–584, 585–586, 602–603, 623–624, 628–629; U. S. compliance, with reservation of rights, 564, 579, 586–587, 603–604, 625–626
    • Missionaries and mission property:
      • Bombing of mission property (see also Lutheran Brethren Mission, infra), U. S. representations, 590–591, 593, 594–595, 604–605, 611–612, 619, 630–632, 807, 810–811; Japanese position, 633–641
      • Lutheran Brethren Mission property, U. S. protest against bombing and resultant death of an American national, 627–628, 631; Japanese expression of regret and offer of solatium, 632, 632–633, 641
      • Nyhus case. See Lutheran Brethren Mission, supra.
      • Occupation and looting of mission property by Japanese soldiers, reports and U. S. representations, 569–570, 578–579, 585, 588, 597; Japanese attitude and offer of indemnification, 589
      • University of Shanghai, occupation and looting of, 585
    • Situation at—
      • Hangchow, 564, 570, 578, 581
      • Hankow: Japanese desire for precautionary measures for safety of citizens of third countries, 620–622, 624–625, 629–630; U. S. reservation of rights, 599, 622, 626–627
      • Nanking, 570–573, 580, 583
      • Shanghai, 569–570
      • Soochow, 564, 570, 578
    • Slapping of U. S. diplomatic officer by Japanese soldier, 572–575
    • U. S. policy toward bombing of civilian populations, 595–597, 612–613; Japanese position, 601–602
  • 1939–1940, indiscriminate bombings and continued disregard by Japanese military forces of American lives and property in China, 642–706
    • Chungking, air raids endangering U. S. Embassy staff and other Americans and American property:
      • Bombing of Haiphong-Yunnanfu Railway, U. S. protest based on use of railway by U. S. official personnel, 674, 678; Japanese attitude, 677–678
      • Damage to American firm, 699–700
      • Methodist Episcopal Mission property, U. S. protest concerning destruction of, 695–697
      • Opinion of U. S. Ambassador in China regarding air raids on Chungking, 661–662
      • Reports concerning, 654, 655, 661–662, 690, 699
      • Request by Japan for U. S. evacuation of American nationals to safe place during bombing, 691, 694–695; U. S. attitude, 693
      • U. S. protests, 654–655, 655–657, 660, 662, 665–666, 674, 678, 691–693, 699–700; Japanese contentions, 656, 660–661, 665, 666, 667–669
    • Claims for damages: Cases pending, statement of Japanese Foreign Minister, 674–675; discussions concerning, 671–673; negotiations between American claimants and Japanese authorities for local settlement, summary of developments, 682–690; solatium offers of Japanese Government, 650, 664, 671, 676, 682–683, 684–685, 688, 689
    • Hanoi incident, use of force against American Vice Consul and United Press correspondent, 703–705
    • Kunming (Yunnanfu), bombing of:
      • Attacks on commercial planes; U. S. representations, 700–702, 703; Japanese explanation and attitude, 705–706
      • Danger to American Consulate, 698
    • Missionaries and mission property: Cases cited, 644–645, 651, 653; property of Lutheran Brethren Mission, U. S. representations and Japanese attitude, 644, 651, 662–664, 670–671, 676–677; property of Methodist Episcopal Mission, U. S. protest concerning renewed attack and destruction of, 695–697
    • Tientsin, Japanese restrictive measures against nationals of third countries, 642, 652, 669–670, 678–681, 690
    • U. S. representations (see also Chungking, Hanoi incident, Kunming, Missionaries, and Tientsin, supra), 642–643, 643–648, 650–651, 653, 659–660, 671, 697–698, 702, 702–703; Japanese position, 643, 646, 649–650, 653, 702
  • 1941, continued bombings and interference with American rights, 707–726, 902–903, 908
    • Chungking, bombing of. See Mission property, U. S. Embassy property, and U. S. S. Tutuila, infra.
    • Kunming (Yunnanfu), repeated bombing of, U. S. representations regarding danger to American Consulate, 710–713
    • Marine-Gendarme incident of Dec. 30, 1940, in Peiping, 707–709
    • Mission property, Methodist Episcopal, U. S. representations concerning bombing and serious damage, 713–715
    • U. S. Embassy property, U. S. protest over damages to, 715–716, 718–719; Japanese explanation, 717
    • U. S. S. Tutuila:
      • Damages sustained in attack of July 30: Details of bombing, 719; indemnification by Japanese Government, 722, 723–724, 726; U. S. representations and Japanese expressions of regret, 719–723
      • Japanese pledge of July 31 to suspend bombing operations over Chungking, U. S.-Japanese discussions concerning, 722, 723–726, 908
      • Japanese request for removal to a zone of safety, following danger from bombing of June 15, 716, 717–718; U. S. attitude, 718, 721
• Boxer Protocol of 1901, 384–385, 389, 390
• Chiang Kai-shek, Japanese attitude toward, 170, 198–199, 317, 340, 360, 403, 414, 416, 434–435, 448, 465, 468, 476, 479–480, 677, 694, 695, 812, 814, 820, 831
• “China incident.” See Undeclared war in China.
• China National Aviation Corp., Japanese attacks on planes of, 620, 700–702, 703, 705–706
• Chinese Maritime Customs (see also under Occupation of Manchuria), U. S. protests and representations to Japan with respect to integrity of, 614, 729–754
  • Canton Maritime Customs, seizure by Japanese authorities, 747, 747–748; Japanese contention, 747
  • Discrimination by Japan in importations to China from Japan duty free, 736, 737, 739–740
  • General interest of U. S. Government in preservation of integrity of customs and in safeguarding of revenues for service of foreign loans and indemnity quotas, 614, 729, 731, 734–736, 736, 738, 740–741, 743–744, 746–747; Japanese position, 729, 744
  • Peiping provisional regime, revision of certain customs rates, 738–739; Japanese position, 742–743
  • Position of Inspector General of Chinese Maritime Customs under new regime at Nanking, 750; Japanese attitude, 751
  • Shanghai:
    • Collection of customs duties, Japanese dictation of currencies to be used, 749; Japanese views, 751–753
    • Consolidated Tax Office in International Settlement, U. S. reservation of rights with respect to, 738
    • Detention of bullion shipment at Shanghai, 745–746
    • Failure of Japanese vessels to pay tonnage dues, 739–740
    • Proposed changes in organization of customs, 730, 732, 733–734; Japanese attitude, 731, 732–733
  • Swatow Maritime Customs:
    • Action by Swatow Rehabilitation Commission, 753–754
    • Occupation of premises by Japanese military forces, 748–749; Japanese attitude, 750–751, 753
  • Tientsin, customs situation, 729, 737
• Chinese Salt Administration, U. S. reservation in regard to American rights and interests, 614, 729, 741–742, 745; Japanese attitude, 729, 745
• Chungking (see also under Bombings of civilians: 1939–1940, 1941): Chinese National Government, removal to, 417; U. S. Embassy staff, removal to, 470
• Claims of United States and of U. S. citizens against Japanese Government. See the following under Bombings of civilians: 1937: U. S. S. Panay; 1938: Missionaries and mission property; 1939–40: Claims; 1941: U. S. S. Tutuila.
• Commissions and committees of the League of Nations:
  • Advisory Committee. See Bombings of civilians: 1937: League of Nations; Undeclared war in China: 1937: League of Nations; also under Occupation of Manchuria: League of Nations.
  • Commission of Enquiry. See under Occupation of Manchuria: League of Nations.
• Currency exchange control in North China. See under American treaty rights: 1937–1938, 1940.
• Davis, Norman H.:
  • Address and statement at Nine-Power Conference at Brussels (1937), 404–410
  • Speech delivered at London naval conversations of 1934, 269–271; at London Naval Conference of 1935, 281–284
• Discrimination. See American treaty rights; Political and economic penetration by Japan into China; also under Chinese Maritime Customs; Occupation of Manchuria.
• Economic and political penetration by Japan into China, 1934–1936. See Political and economic penetration.
• Economic “bloc” between Japan, China, and “Manchukuo,” 803, 815, 816–818, 859, 888–889
• Equality of commercial opportunity. See American treaty rights; Chinese Maritime Customs: Discrimination; Occupation of Manchuria: Discrimination against foreign commercial interests; Political and economic penetration by Japan into China.
• European situation, 666–667, 837–838, 852
• Extraterritorial rights in China: Japanese statement concerning, 609–610; U. S. statements of policy, 610, 615, 824–826, 927, 929–930
• France (see also Bombings of civilians: 1937: Representations; Limitation of naval armament: Reciprocal exchange, etc.; Military action by Japan at Shanghai: Representations; Occupation of Manchuria: Action by Japanese armed forces: Representations; Undeclared war in China: 1937: Situation at Shanghai): Agreement between Vichy government and Japan, Aug. 30, 1940, 879; French Indochina, Japanese aggression, 878–881
• Germany (see also Bombings of civilians: 1937: Representations; Undeclared war in China: 1937: Situation at Shanghai): Anti-Comintern Agreement, Japan-Germany-Italy, 439, 444, 480, 482, 811, 851–852; good offices to bring about peace negotiations between Japan and China (1938), 434–435, 438, 441–442; relations with Japan, 444, 466, 468, 480–481
• Good-neighbor policy of United States, 232
• Great Britain (see also Bombings of civilians: 1937: Representations; Limitation of naval armament; Military action by Japan at Shanghai: Representations; Occupation of Manchuria: Action of Japanese armed forces: Representations; Undeclared war in China: 1937; Undeclared war in China: 1938: Mediation): British assistance in rescuing survivors of U. S. S. Panay, 538–540, 545, 546; relations with Japan, 444, 466; U. S. policy of assistance against German aggression, 880
• Gun caliber for battleships, refusal by Japan to agree to limitation in accordance with art. 4 of London Naval Treaty of 1936, 298–302
• Hague Convention of 1907, 389
• Hull, Cordell:
  • Addresses and statements regarding Far Eastern situation and U. S. foreign policy:
    • 1937: July 16, 325–326; Aug. 23, 355–357
    • 1938: Mar. 17, 452–463; Aug. 16, 471–475; Sept. 21, 475–476: Nov. 4, 481–482
  • Letter to Chairman of Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 449–450
  • Letters concerning Far Eastern situation and protection of U. S. citizens: To Chairman of House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 423–426; to Senator William H. Smathers, 426–428
  • Statement concerning—
    • “Autonomy movement” in North China (1935), 240–241
    • Extraterritorial rights in China, U. S. policy, 929–930
    • Japanese denunciation of Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, 275–276
• Indochina, French, Japanese aggression in, 878–881
• Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace, Buenos Aires (1936), 331, 473
• Internal situation in Japan (1932–1933), observations of U. S. Ambassador regarding trend of national temper and military preparations, 99–100, 102, 110–111
• Internationalism and isolationism, remarks of President Roosevelt, 381–382; of Secretary of State Hull, 455–456, 461–462
• Italy (see also Bombings of civilians: 1937: Representations; Military action by Japan at Shanghai: Representations; Occupation of Manchuria: Action by Japanese armed forces: Representations; Undeclared war in China: 1937: Situation at Shanghai): Anti-Comintern Agreement, Japan-Germany-Italy, 439, 444, 480, 482, 811, 851–852; recognition of state of “Manchukuo,” 442–443; relations with Japan, 444, 466, 468
• Johnson, Nelson T., opinion concerning Japanese air raids on Chungking, 661–662
• Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 5, 7, 8, 26, 27, 28, 31, 45, 76, 77, 94, 174, 213, 375, 380, 382–383, 389, 390, 394, 397, 399, 405, 410–411
• League of Nations (see also Military action by Japan at Shanghai: Cessation of hostilities: Conference; also under Bombings of civilians: 1937; Occupation of Manchuria; Undeclared war in China: 1937): Economic sanctions, 802; withdrawal of Japan, 224, 229, 236
• Limitation of naval armament, abandonment by Japan of cooperation with other powers, 249–309
  • Denunciation by Japan of Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. See under London naval conversations of 1934, infra.
  • Desire of Japan for revision of naval ratios in favor of Japan, reports concerning (1933), 249–253
  • Gun caliber for battleships, refusal by Japan to agree to limitation in accordance with art. 4 of London Naval Treaty of 1936, 298–302
  • London Naval Conference of 1935, 277–297
    • British invitation: Outline of Japanese attitude and policy at time of acceptance, 279–281; text, 278–279
    • Deadlock over Japanese insistence on “common upper limit” and U. S. position based on ratio system as only fair basis for “equality of security”:
      • Conversations between American and Japanese delegations, 285–289
      • Discussions between American and British delegations as to future procedure, 289–290
      • Opening speeches of American delegation, 281–284; of Japanese delegation, 284–285
      • Withdrawal of Japan from conference: Information concerning Japanese position, and British attitude thereto, 290–294; notification of withdrawal, 297; press communiqué, 296–297; U. S. final statement, 294–296
    • Outline of Japanese attitude and policy at time of acceptance of invitation to conference, 279–281
    • U. S. attitude as to desirability of conference, response to Japanese inquiry, 277–278
    • Withdrawal of Japan. See under Deadlock, supra.
  • London naval conversations of 1934 (United States, Great Britain, Japan), disagreement between Japanese delegation and U. S. and British delegations, 249–276
    • Adjournment of conversations, communiqué, 271–273
    • Denunciation by Japan of Washington Naval Treaty of 1922:
      • Announcement of intention, 253–254, 258
      • British-American exploration of possible courses of action in view of impending denunciation, 260–263, 264–267; Japanese views regarding British suggestions, 267–268
      • Notification to United States, and U. S. transmittal to other powers, 273–275
      • Statement by U. S. Secretary of State, 275–276
      • U. S. expectation of adjournment of conversations following denunciation, 268–269
    • Desire of Japan for “common upper limit” versus U. S. position in favor of continuance of existing system of armament limitation, 254–257, 263; British concurrence in U. S. position, 257–260, 263–264
    • Speech by Norman H. Davis, 269–271
  • Naval visits of courtesy to U. S. ships on a reciprocal basis into certain territorial waters, refusal by Japan to grant privilege of, 307–309
  • Reciprocal exchange of naval construction information, rejection by Japan of American, British, and French proposals, 303–306
• London Naval Conference of 1935. See under Limitation of naval armament.
• London naval conversations of 1934. See under Limitation of naval armament
• London Naval Treaty of 1936, Japanese refusal to agree to limitation of gun caliber for battleships in accordance with art. 4 of, 298–302
• Mail censorship by Japan in occupied China, 906, 909, 917, 919, 920, 923
• Manchuria (see also Occupation of Manchuria by Japan):
  • Economic “bloc” between Japan, China, and “Manchukuo,” 803, 815, 816–818, 859, 888–889
  • Recognition of state of “Manchukuo,” question of (see also under Occupation of Manchuria): Discussions, 94–95, 96–98, 215; Japanese desire for recognition by China, 341, 360, 482; recognition by Italy and by the Franco government of Spain, 442–443
  • Relations with Japan, 442
  • Trade statistics, 807–808, 818
• Marco Polo Bridge incident. See Undeclared war in China: 1937: Incident at Marco Polo Bridge.
• Maritime Customs. See Chinese Maritime Customs.
• Military action by Japan at Shanghai, 1932, 161–220
  • Account of events leading to Japanese action: Information in possession of United States, 161–162, 165, 166; Japanese version, 167–168, 169–170, 186–188
  • American interests, U. S. representations against possible injury to (see also Representations, infra), 163; Japanese assurances of noninterference, 164, 171
  • Anti-Japanese agitation in China, Japanese contentions regarding, 164, 186
  • Cessation of hostilities (see also under Representations, infra):
    • Agreement between China and Japan, May 5, text, 217–220
    • Conference of representatives of China, Japan, and other interested powers, proposed by League of Nations:
      • Agreement between China and Japan, signed May 5, text, 217–220
      • Japanese position regarding League proposal, 206–208; declaration of cessation of hostilities, 207–208
      • Negotiations, discussions concerning progress of, 214–216
      • Plan as set forth by the League: Proposals at meeting of Feb. 29, 203–204; resolutions of Mar. 4 and Mar. 11, 209, 210–212
      • U. S. position with regard to League proposal: Cooperation with League, 204, 206–207, 209–210, 213; disapproval of Japanese military attack following acceptance of League proposal, 205–207, 208
    • Plan suggested by Japanese Foreign Office: Cooperation of United States and other powers for solution on basis of plan, 184–185, 189–190; information concerning, 183–184, 184, 191; non-cooperation of the Japanese, U. S. attitude, 191–192, 196–197
    • Ultimatum of Japanese Government to China, 196, 197, 202
  • International Settlement. See Representations, infra.
  • League of Nations, efforts for restoration of peace. See Cessation of hostilities: Conference, supra.
  • Naval vessels, Japanese: Concentration of ships in Shanghai area, 173; warships at Nanking, 173, 175, 189
  • Representations by United States and other powers concerning—
    • Cessation of hostilities:
      • Identic proposal to Japan and China, based on Japanese request for U. S. good offices, 174–175; Japanese refusal to accept proposal, and U. S. maintenance of position, 175, 176, 178–179, 180–183
      • Oral representations, 197; Japanese attitude, 197
    • Use of International Settlement as base of attack against the Chinese, 171, 172, 179–180, 192–193, 194–196; Japanese position, 172, 198
    • Use of military force in or near International Settlement:
      • Communications to Japanese Government, 161–163, 165–166, 166–167, 200–201; Japanese plea of self-defense, and assurance of non-interference [Page 941] with rights or interests of any foreign power, 164, 166, 169–171, 187–188, 193–194, 198, 201–202, 205
      • Request of Japanese Government for U. S. good offices against bringing up of reenforcements by the Chinese (see also Cessation of hostilities: Identic proposal, supra), 170–171, 173
  • Shanghai Defense Committee, 172–173, 179
  • Troop movements, Japanese, 177–178, 181, 184, 188, 192–193, 194, 195, 198, 201
  • U. S. naval vessels, dispatch to Shanghai as precautionary measure, 168–169
  • U. S. public opinion, 202
• Military element in Japan, apparent conflict with policies of civilian arm of Government, 4, 10, 23, 38–39, 43–44, 110, 116, 199–200, 216, 501
• Missionaries and mission property in China. See American treaty rights: 1937–1938: Occupation of American property; also under American treaty rights: 1941; and under Bombings of civilians: 1938, 1939–1940, 1941.
• Monopolies. See American treaty rights: 1937–1938: Interference with American trade; American treaty rights: 1939: Railways; Occupation of Manchuria: Discrimination: Oil monopoly.
• Most-favored-nation policy of United States, 859
• Nakamura case, 2, 3
• Nanking (see also Bombings of civilians: 1937), 173, 175, 189, 570–573, 580, 583, 750, 761–762
• National defense, remarks of Secretary of State Hull, 456–457
• Naval armament. See Limitation of naval armament.
• Neutrality legislation of United States, U. S. policy in connection with Far Eastern situation, 425, 457–458, 511
• Nine-Power Conference at Brussels. See under Undeclared war in China: 1937.
• Nine-Power Treaty of 1922, 7, 45, 80–87, 94, 98, 195, 215, 227, 375, 382–383, 389, 390, 394, 397, 399, 405, 407, 410–411, 417–418, 419, 420, 421–422, 829
• North China Transportation Co., 834, 851
• Occupation and looting of American properties in China by Japanese forces. See Bombings of civilians: 1938; also under American treaty rights: 1937–1938, 1941.
• Occupation of Manchuria by Japan, 1931, and establishment of puppet state of “Manchukuo,” 1–157, 178, 180, 190, 194–195, 785–786
  • Action by Japanese armed forces:
    • Chinese appeals to United States under Kellogg-Briand Pact, 4, 8–9
    • Details of military events:
      • Incidents of Sept. 18–21, 1931, 1–4, 11–12
      • Situation at—
        • Chinchow: Bombing by Japanese planes, 17, 19; military operations in vicinity of, 49, 51, 53, 65, 68–69
        • Jehol, 112
        • Shanhaikwan, 107–108
      • Withdrawal of Chinese forces from Manchuria, Dec. 29, 1931, 75
    • Direct negotiations between China and Japan, proposed:
      • Japanese proposals and insistence on certain demands, 19, 21, 22, 24, 28–29
      • Neutral observers, position of Japan concerning (see also League of Nations: Commission of Enquiry, infra), 24–26
      • Resolution and attitude of League of Nations Council, 29–30, 32–33
      • U. S. attitude, 27, 37
    • Japanese protests against anti-Japanese activities in China, 14–16, 29
    • Japanese statements issued Sept. 24, 1931, 11–12; Dec. 27, 1931, 72–75
    • Neutral investigating committee. See League of Nations: Commission of Enquiry, infra.
    • Representations of France, Great Britain, and Italy, 21–23, 31, 65–66
    • Termination of Chinese administration in Manchuria, upon withdrawal of Chinese forces, Dec. 29, 1931, 75
    • Truce agreement between Chinese and Japanese military authorities, signed at Tangku, May 31, 1933, 120
    • U. S. policy:
      • Attitude toward Japanese proposals for direct negotiations with China, 27, 37; toward Japanese proposal of neutral investigating commission, 48–49
      • Cooperation with League of Nations in efforts to preserve peace, 9, 10–11, 17–18, 20, 23, 26–27, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 45, 55, 60–62
      • Identic notes to China and Japan, citing Kellogg-Briand Pact, 9, 27–28, 76; replies of Japan, 13, 28–29, 76–77
      • Representations to Japan and statements of position, 5–9, 10–11, 17, 18, 19–21, 34–35, 44–46, 49, 50–51, 53–54, 55–56, 58–59, 64–65, 66, 68–70; Japanese position, 18–19, 21–23, 38–41, 46–48, 50, 51–53, 65, 67–68, 70–75
    • Wellington Koo’s proposal in connection with Chinchow situation, controversy concerning, 57–59, 62–65, 71–72
    • Withdrawal of Chinese forces from Manchuria, Dec. 29, 1931, 75
  • Chinese Customs Administration in Manchuria, U. S. representations to Japan concerning maintenance of integrity, 89–90, 92; Japanese attitude, 91–92, 92–93
  • Discrimination against foreign commercial interests in Manchuria:
    • Exchange Control Law, revision of, and ministerial orders issued thereunder (1937), U. S. representations against discriminatory features of, 151–153
    • Failure of Japanese Government to implement assurances given to United States, 785–786
    • Indications of increasing discriminatory practices by “Manchukuo” authorities (1933), 125
    • Law concerning foreign juridical persons, U. S. reservation of treaty rights in connection with application to American firms (1937), 154; Japanese attitude of non-responsibility for policy of “Manchukuo” authorities, 154–155
    • Oil monopoly, establishment of Manchuria Oil Co. and plans of “Manchukuo” authorities to establish an oil sales monopoly (1934):
      • Information concerning, 130, 132, 138, 138–139
      • Refusal of foreign oil companies to supply information demanded by authorities, 140
      • Text of oil monopoly law (Nov. 18, 1934), 141–143
      • U. S. representations to Japan based on provisions of Nine-Power Treaty and open-door principle, 130–131, 133–134, 143–144, 145–146, 148–151; Japanese denial of responsibility for actions of “Manchukuo” authorities, 132–133, 134–138, 140–141, 144–145, 146–148
    • Trade statistics, U. S.–Manchuria, press release by U. S. Department of State, Apr. 6, 1939, 155–157
  • Internal situation in Japan, observations of U. S. Ambassador regarding trend of national temper and military preparations, 99–100, 102, 110–111
  • League of Nations:
    • Advisory Committee on situation in the Far East:
      • Establishment (resolution of Feb. 24, 1933), 113
      • Recommendations regarding principle of non-recognition of “Manchukuo,” 120–121; U. S. attitude, 121–123, 126–127
      • U. S. cooperation, 114–115, 117–119, 121–123, 126–127
    • Commission of Enquiry:
      • Findings as to false premises of Japanese action in Manchuria, 93–95
      • Policy of Japanese Foreign Minister as stated at interviews with Commission, 95–98
      • Report: Japanese reaction and threatened withdrawal from League, 103–105, 106–107, 109–110; U. S. views regarding recommendations contained in report, 114, 115–116
      • Resolution providing for (Dec. 10, 1931): Japanese proposal as basis of, 47–48; text, 59–60; U. S. attitude, 48–49, 56, 60–62, 66
    • Issue between Japan and the League over recognition of “Manchukuo,” 103–107, 109–110
    • Representations by members of Council regarding Chinchow situation, 54–55
    • Resolutions, texts: Sept. 80, 1931, 13–14; Oct. 24, 1931, 29–30; Dec. 10, 1931, 59–60; Feb. 24, 1933, 113
    • Summaries of action and negotiations from Sept. 80 to Nov. 10, 1931, 31–33, 42–44
    • U. S. cooperation, 9, 10–11, 17–18, 20, 23, 26–27, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 45, 55, 60–62, 114–115, 117–119, 121–123, 126–127
    • Withdrawal of Japan, question of, 87–89, 103–107, 109–110
  • Negotiations in connection with “Manchurian incident”: Japanese insistence on considering incident as dissociated from all other Chinese incidents, 190; Japanese opposition to participation by a third party in negotiations, 178, 180, 194–195
  • Oil monopoly. See under Discrimination, supra.
  • Open-door policy in “Manchukuo”:
    • Japanese assertions of maintenance, 68, 77, 119–120; failure to implement assurances given to United States, 785–786
    • U. S. position. See Discrimination: Oil monopoly, supra; also U.S. policy: Political situation, infra.
  • Plans for establishment of independent government in Manchuria, remarks of Japanese Foreign Minister, 78–79
  • Recognition of “Manchukuo,” question of:
    • Decision by Japan to recognize, and assertion of necessity for recognition by other states, 94–95, 98, 103
    • Issue between Japan and League of Nations, 103–107, 109–110
    • Measures proposed by League Advisory Committee to give effect to principle of non-recognition, 120–121; U. S. concurrence in substance, 121–123, 126–127
  • U. S. policy in connection with—
    • Military action of Japan in Manchuria. See under Action by Japanese armed forces, supra.
    • Political situation:
      • Chinese Customs Administration in Manchuria, representations to Japan, 89–90, 92; Japanese attitude, 91–92, 92–93
      • Cooperation with Advisory Committee of League of Nations, 114–115, 117–119, 120–123, 126–127
      • Discriminatory practices of “Manchukuo” authorities, representations against. See Discrimination, supra.
      • Reiteration of open-door policy and observance of treaty obligations:
        • Identic note to China and Japan, 76; Japanese reply, 76–77
        • Information regarding Japanese version of a statement by U. S. Secretary of State, 100–102
        • Nine-Power Treaty, principles of: Draft of possible joint or concurrent statement by United States and other countries, 80–82; letter from Secretary of State to Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 83–87
        • Remarks of Secretary of State, 109, 116–117
        • Statement by President-elect Roosevelt, Jan. 17, 1933, 109
• Oil. See Petroleum products.
• Open-door principle. See American treaty rights; Political and economic penetration by Japan into China: U. S. reaffirmation of position; and under Occupation of Manchuria.
• Pacific islands, question of possible use as base of attack against United States, 252–253
• Panay. See Bombings of civilians: 1937: U. S. S. Panay.
• Partition of China, Japanese assertion of policy in opposition to, 40
• Penetration by Japan into China. See Political and economic penetration; Undeclared war in China.
• Petroleum products (see also Occupation of Manchuria: Discrimination: Oil monopoly), Japanese interference with American trade in occupied China: 1940, 860, 872–876, 899–900; 1941, 904–905.
• Political and economic penetration by Japan into China, 1934–1936, 223–246
  • “Amau statement.” See Unofficial statement, etc., infra.
  • Information from Japanese Foreign Office concerning progress of negotiations between China and Japan (1935 and 1936), 239, 245–246; U. S. appreciation for information, 239–240, 246
  • Proposal by Japanese Ambassador for joint declaration of policy by U. S. and Japanese Governments, 232–233; U. S. refusal to concur (1934), 237–239
  • Statement by Japanese Foreign Minister of principle of opposition to activities of foreign powers in China (1934), 229–230
  • Unofficial statement by Japanese Foreign Office, Apr. 17, 1934, regarding attitude of Japan toward foreign assistance to China (see also U. S. reaffirmation of position, infra):
    • Circumstances surrounding statement, 223–224, 225–226
    • Explanation by Japan (following U. S. request for clarification), and reiteration of policy of adherence to terms and spirit of Nine-Power Treaty, 225–226, 227–230
    • Text, 224–225; text of subsequent statement to foreign correspondents, Apr. 20, 229
    • U. S. consideration of statement, 227, 230–231
  • U. S. reaffirmation of position as to rights and interests in China and principle of equality of opportunity in commercial and industrial affairs:
    • Aide-mémoire of Apr. 28, 1934, 231–232; Japanese attitude, 232, 233–234
    • Discussions of U. S. Secretary of State with Japanese Ambassador (1934), 234–236; with Japanese Ambassador to Great Britain (1936), 241–244
    • Statement to the press by Secretary of State, Dec. 5, 1935, 240–241
• Quarantine of aggressor nations, address by President Roosevelt at Chicago, Oct. 5, 1937, 379–383
• Radio Corporation of America, wireless station at Chenju, 163, 171
• Reciprocal trade agreements program of United States, 242–244, 472
• Ringwalt case, 195–196
• Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
  • Addresses on U. S. policy: Oct. 5, 1937, at Chicago, 379–383; Oct. 12, radio address, 400–401
  • Letter to Norman H. Davis, Oct. 5, 1934, relative to naval disarmament question, 282
  • Message to Chancellor Hitler, Apr. 14, 1939, attitude of Japanese Ambassador, 837–838
  • Statement on sanctity of international treaties, Jan. 17, 1938, 109
• Salt Administration. See Chinese Salt Administration.
• Scrap metal, Japanese action in salvaging Standard Oil Co. vessels for, 616–617
• Shanghai. See American treaty rights; Bombings of civilians: 1937, 1938; Military action by Japan at Shanghai; Undeclared war in China: 1937; and under Chinese Maritime Customs.
• Shantung treaty, 1922, cited, 25
• Sino-American Treaty of 1858, 425, 431–432
• Sino-Japanese Protocol of 1902, cited, 318
• Sino-Soviet relations, 360, 378, 403
• Slapping of U. S. diplomatic officer by Japanese soldier, 572–575
• Spain, Franco government: Recognition of state of “Manchukuo,” 442–443; relations with Japan, 444–445
• Standard Oil Co. vessels, bombing of. See Bombings of civilians: 1937: U. S. S. Panay and other ships.
• Stimson, Henry L., statements of policy in connection with Japanese occupation of Manchuria: Draft of possible joint or concurrent statement by United States and other countries, 80–82; letter to Senator Borah (Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee), Feb. 23, 1932, 83–87
• Tientsin. See under Bombings of civilians: 1939–1940; Chinese Maritime Customs.
• Trade agreements: Japanese conclusion of agreements with other countries, 445; U. S. reciprocal trade agreements program, 242–244, 472
• Trade policy of United States, 242–244, 472, 809, 811
• Trade restrictions by Japan in occupied China and in Manchuria. See American treaty rights; Occupation of Manchuria: Discrimination.
• Trade statistics and discussions: U. S.–Japan, 811–813; U. S.–Manchuria, 155–157, 807–808, 818
• Travel of Americans in occupied China, Japanese restrictions. See American treaty rights: 1939: Movements of Americans; American treaty rights: 1941: Travel of Americans.
• Treaties, agreements, etc.:
  • Anti-Comintern Agreement, Japan—Germany-Italy, 439, 444, 480, 482, 811, 851–852
  • Boxer Protocol of 1901, 384–385, 389, 390
  • Hague Convention of 1907, 389
  • Ho-Umezu agreement of 1935, 322–323, 324, 325, 386
  • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 5, 7, 8, 26, 27, 28, 31, 45, 76, 77, 94, 174, 213, 375, 380, 382–383, 389, 390, 394, 397, 399, 405, 410–411
  • London Naval Treaty of 1936, refusal by Japan to agree to limitation of gun caliber for battleships in accordance with art. 4, 298–302
  • Nine-Power Treaty of 1922, 7, 45, 80–87, 94, 98, 195, 215, 227, 375, 382–383, 389, 390, 394, 397, 399, 405, 407, 410–411, 417–418, 419, 420, 421–422, 829
  • Shantung treaty, 1922, cited, 25
  • Sino-American Treaty of 1858, 425, 431–432
  • Sino-Japanese Protocol of 1902 concerning restoration of Tientsin to China, cited, 318
  • U. S.-Japanese Commercial Treaty of 1911, cited, 789–790
  • Vichy government of France, agreement with Japan, Aug. 80, 1940, 879
  • Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. See Limitation of naval armament: London naval conversations of 1934: Denunciation by Japan.
• Treaty rights. See American treaty rights.
• Tutuila. See Bombings of civilians: 1941: U. S. S. Tutuila.
• Undeclared war in China and further Japanese penetration by armed force or threat of force (see also Bombings of civilians), 313–483, 617, 823
  • 1937, hostilities in North China and in Shanghai area, 313–428, 434, 436, 453–454, 454–455, 457, 617, 823
    • Blockade by Japan against Chinese shipping along coast of China, 371–372, 389
    • British efforts on behalf of peace, 329–330, 337, 353, 365–366
    • Chinese position, 391, 392, 393, 418
    • Chungking, removal of Chinese National Government to, 417
    • Departure of U. S. Ambassador from Nanking for Hankow, 417
    • Foreign ships in Yangtze and Whangpoo rivers, Japanese warning, 369–371
    • Incident at Marco Polo Bridge, July 7:
      • Agreement between local negotiators, July 11, for withdrawal of troops, 315–316, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 330, 333–334, 385n
      • Reports concerning, 313–315; conflicting Chinese and Japanese versions, 314, 316, 318, 385–386
    • Incident at Shanghai, Aug. 9, Japanese and Chinese versions, 364–365, 387–388
    • Japanese position and statements of policy, 336–337, 361, 364–369, 377, 391–392, 392–393, 397–398, 399, 399–400, 411–412, 414, 418, 419
    • Kawagoe-Kao conversations, 340–341, 348
    • League of Nations, subcommittee of Advisory Committee on China:
      • First report, adopted by League Assembly Oct. 6, reviewing facts of situation in China and treaty obligations of Japan, 384–394; U. S. agreement in principle with conclusions of report, 397
      • Second report, adopted by League Assembly Oct. 6, recommending consultation by parties to Nine-Power Treaty, 394–396
      • U. S. participation, outline of position, 373–377
    • Military preparations and activities of Japan following incident of July 7, 318–320, 322–323, 324, 326–329, 330, 377–378, 387–389, 424
    • Nine-Power Conference at Brussels:
      • Conversations between U. S. Ambassador to Japan and Japanese Foreign Minister concerning circumstances and actions of conference, 413–416
      • Declarations: Nov. 15, 410–412; Nov. 24, 421–422
      • Japanese participation, question of, 402–403, 409, 418; refusal to cooperate in efforts of conference, 409, 410, 411–412, 419
      • Proposal for exchange of views between Japan and certain representatives of a small number of powers, 409, 419–421; Japanese rejection, 409, 410, 412, 419
      • Recommendation of League of Nations subcommittee, 395–396, 398
      • Report adopted Nov. 24, 417–422
      • U. S. participation:
        • Cooperation with other powers, 401, 402, 457
        • Delegate (Norman H. Davis): Address, Nov. 3, 404–408; statement, Nov. 13, 408–410
    • Outbreak of hostilities. See Incident at Marco Polo Bridge, supra.
    • Protection of U. S. citizens in China:
      • Military and naval forces of United States, presence in China, 350, 351–353, 355–356, 370, 425
      • Representations to Japan, 334–335, 337–338, 342, 347–349, 357–358, 378–379, 404, 422–423; Japanese position, 338, 353–355, 358–359, 378, 403–404, 426
      • Statements of general policy, 349–353, 355–357
      • Withdrawal of U. S. citizens from China, policy of Department of State, 424, 426–428
    • Situation at Shanghai and efforts of powers concerned to preserve peace (see also Protection of U. S. citizens, supra):
      • British efforts on behalf of peace, 353, 365–366
      • Incident of Aug. 9, Japanese and Chinese versions, 364–365, 387–388
      • Joint notes of U. S., British, French, Italian, and German Ambassadors in China addressed to Chinese and Japanese Governments, 341–342, 344–345, 365; Japanese reply, 343–344, 365
      • Proposals worked out by U. S., British, and French Consuls General at Shanghai with Japanese Consul General, 345–347, 365
      • Representations of United States against use of International Settlement by Japan as a military base, 378–379, 404, 422–423; Japanese position, 378, 403–404, 426
    • Tsingtao, U. S. efforts for avoidance of military operations, 357–358; Japanese attitude, 358–359
    • U. S. policy and efforts for restoration of peace (see also Protection of U. S. citizens, supra):
      • Addresses by President Roosevelt: Oct. 5, at Chicago, 379–383, 397, 409, 414; Oct. 12, radio address, 400–401
      • Blockade of Chinese coast by Japan against Chinese shipping, U. S. position concerning, 371–372
      • Conclusion regarding action of Japan in China (press release of Oct. 6), 396–397
      • Conversations between U. S. officials and Japanese representatives in United States, 317–318, 320–322, 329, 330–333, 334–336, 342, 397–399
      • Letter of Secretary of State to—
        • Chairman of House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 423–426
        • Senator William H. Smathers, 426–428
      • Mediation, question of, 364
      • Neutral ships in Yangtze and Whangpoo rivers, Japanese warning and U. S. attitude, 369–371
      • Offer of good offices, 340
      • Outline of general methods and policies, 361–364, 373–377
      • Statements by Secretary of State:
        • July 16: Cited, 331, 350, 356–357, 362, 373–374, 375, 396, 434, 436, 453–454, 617, 823, 928; Japanese expression of concurrence in principles, 343; text, 325–326
        • Aug. 23, 355–357, 362, 373, 374, 375, 396, 434, 454–455, 617
      • U. S. citizens serving in foreign armies, question of, 338–340
  • 1938, spread of hostilities to Central and South China, 429–483
    • Chungking, removal of U. S. Embassy staff to, 470
    • Japanese policy:
      • Addresses and statements by—
        • Foreign Minister, 440–446, 446–448, 451–452, 464–466
        • Military commander in Central China, 452
        • Prime Minister, 438–440, 460–467, 467–470, 478–481, 482–483
      • Assertions of respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty of China and for rights and interests of other powers in China, 437–438, 439, 440–441, 442, 452, 476, 477, 480
      • Attitude concerning a declaration of war, 446–447, 448
      • Demands to be made of China, 482–483
      • Severance of relations with Chinese National Government, 437–438, 442
      • Statement by Japanese Government, Nov. 3, in connection with military operations in South China, 477–478
      • Supply of arms to China by third countries, Japanese attitude, 447–448
    • Mediation, question of advisability of action by British and/or U. S. Governments, 463–464
    • Military operations in South China, 476–477; Japanese statements concerning, 477–481
    • Peace negotiations, good offices of Germany to bring about direct negotiations between China and Japan, Japanese comments, 434–435, 438, 441–442
    • Protection of U. S. citizens in China: Military and naval forces of United States, presence in China, 430, 431–434, 448–449, 450–451; statements of general policy, 431–434, 449, 455–456; withdrawal of U. S. citizens from China, policy of Department of State, 433–434
    • U. S. policy (see also Protection of U. S. citizens, supra):
      • Addresses and statements by Secretary of State: Mar. 17, 452–463; Aug. 16, 471–475; Sept. 21, 475–476; Nov. 4, 481–482
      • Mediation, question of, 463–464
      • Representations in regard to general policy of Japan, question of, 435–437
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, relations with China, 360, 378, 403; with Japan, 443, 466
• U. S.-Chinese relations, 927–930
• U. S. Congress:
  • Letters from Secretary of State to Chairman of House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 423–426; to Chairman of Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 83–87, 449–450; to Senator William H. Smathers, 426–428
  • Senate resolutions: No. 210, regarding U. S. citizens in China, 429; No. 229, regarding alliances or agreements, 449–450
• U. S. flag, desecration of, 566–567, 568, 577, 582, 583
• U. S. foreign policy (see also U. S. policy under Undeclared war in China: 1937, 1938), 325–326, 657–659, 666–667, 878–881
• U. S.-Japanese Commercial Treaty of 1911, cited, 789–790
• U. S.-Japanese relations, general comments and discussions, 123–125, 127–129, 413–414, 415, 415–416, 443–444, 452, 466, 493, 500–501, 567, 577, 596, 605–606, 615–617, 715–716, 766–767, 780, 806–807, 810, 811, 852–853, 878, 902–903
• U. S. nationals and armed forces in China, statistics, 429–430, 448–449, 450, 451, 487, 514–515
• U. S. Naval Court of Inquiry, findings in regard to Japanese sinking of U. S. S. Panay, 541–547
• U. S. neutrality legislation, 425, 457–458, 511
• U. S. S. Panay. See under Bombings of civilians: 1937.
• U. S. S. Tutuila. See under Bombings of civilians: 1941.
• Vichy government of France, agreement with Japan, Aug. 30, 1940, 879
• War in China. See Undeclared war in China.
• Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. See Limitation of naval armament: London naval conversations of 1934: Denunciation by Japan.
• Welles, Sumner, address on U. S. foreign policy, Jan. 27, 1939, 828–830