Index

• al-Abdi, Gen. Saleh, 396, 478, 495, 498, 505
• Abdul Aziz bin Hassan, 772
• Abdulillah, Crown Prince, 71, 294–295, 297, 303, 307–308, 327
• Abdullah Bin Abdel Rahman, 768–769
• Abdullah ibn Salim Al Sabah, 125, 278, 776–777, 780n, 781
• Abdullah, Col. Radi, 313
• Adair, Charles W., Jr., 739n
• Adams, R.W., 479
• Aden, 15, 23, 117, 161, 782n, 793, 814
  • Soviet threat to, 817
  • Yemen border dispute, 31, 192, 269, 800–801, 804, 808n, 809
• Adenauer, Konrad, 103, 584
• Afghanistan (see also Afghanistan and Afghan subheadings under other subjects):
  • Baghdad Pact, 96–97, 228–229, 236–237
  • Iran, relations with, 284, 608, 642n, 651n, 656, 659, 674, 701
  • Iran, unification with, 551, 568, 685
  • Israeli position, 648
  • Pushtoonistan, 660
  • Soviet threat to 239, 241, 254
  • Soviet Union, 616–617, 619, 623, 633, 691
  • Turkish military aid to, 461
  • United States, relations with, 205n, 535n, 540
• Africa, 62, 117, 142, 195, 271, 370
  • Soviet threat to, 147, 187, 211, 284
• Afshar-Qasemlu, Amir Khosro, 657
• Agricultural surpluses, 16, 32, 198, 273
• Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 16, 723n
• Ahmad ben Yahya, 185, 729n, 796–797, 799, 801–807, 809–810, 811n, 812–815, 817–819
• Air Force, U.S. (USAF), 244
• Al al-Shaikh family, 772
• Ala, 533n, 534, 535n, 540, 553, 577, 626–627
• Alcock, Robert W., 315, 514n
• Algeria, 51–52, 54, 132, 266, 275–276, 278
  • Arab nationalism, 15, 23, 91, 131, 149, 189, 211, 388
  • Iraqi position, 33, 513, 515–516
• Ali, Ali Baba, 378n
• Ali, Anwar, 772
• Allen, George, 10–12, 81, 82–83, 84–86, 104–105, 179, 181, 432–433, 462
  • Iran, 134, 592–593, 603, 626
• Amer, Marshall Hakim, 347
• American Doctrine. SeeEisenhower Doctrine.
• Amin, Abdul Wahhab, 379
• Amini, Ali, 541–542, 592n
• Amory, Robert, Jr., 675
• al-Amri, Qadhi, 798–799, 801, 803–804, 809
• Anderson, Robert B., 46–47, 80, 130, 133, 260n, 261, 308, 604, 680n, 723
  • Iraq, 430–432, 435, 495
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 130–131, 375
• Ansari, Masud, 626n, 653–655
• Anti-trust cases, 251–253, 257–258
• Arab Development Fund, 130, 203, 268
• Arab League, 157, 178n, 198, 734, 760, 779n, 791, 803
  • Iraqi position, 343, 347, 525
  • Iraqi-U.A.R. dispute, 411, 426, 433, 465
  • Kuwait, 137, 779, 780n, 781, 785
• Arab nationalism (see also Arab unity), 114–115, 138–142, 153, 154, 188, 265, 267
  • British position, 54, 116, 388
  • Iranian position, 124, 134, 147, 608, 685
  • Libya, 139, 147, 149, 189, 211
  • oil, 135, 161–162, 270
  • pan-Arabism, 62, 107–108, 127, 608, 685
  • Saudi Arabia, 4, 29–30, 87, 90, 117
  • Soviet support of, 14, 115, 139, 146, 188–189, 210–211, 264
  • Sudan, 139, 147, 149, 189, 211
  • U.S. position, 29, 83–84, 87, 115–117, 129, 135–136, 145–149, 151, 157, 163–164, 167–169, 172, 176–179, 190, 259
• Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April 1959, 214–215
• Arab Socialist Resurrectionists, 153
• Arab states. See Near East; individual countries.
• Arab Union (see alsoIraq; Jordan), 40–42, 49, 58–59, 86, 298
  • Iraqi coup, July 1958, 310, 312–314, 316, 328
  • Iraqi position, 50, 71, 293–294
  • Jordanian position, 50, 293–294
  • Kuwaiti membership in, 108, 134, 295, 301–302
  • Saudi position, 716, 724n, 725, 728
  • Syrian membership in, 293
  • U.A.R. position, 322
• Arab unity (see alsoArab nationalism), 1, 4, 15, 40–42
  • Israeli position, 1–2
• Arab-Iranian rivalry, 134
• Arab-Israeli Armistice Agreements, 1949, 27
• Arab-Israeli dispute, 118, 128, 155–156, 166, 263, 266
  • U.N. role in, 27–28, 164, 177, 194
  • U.S. position, 7–13, 26–28, 40–45, 128, 150, 163–164, 166, 169, 173, 175, 179, 183–185, 193–194, 259, 265–266, 389
• Arabian-American Oil Co. (ARAMCO), 251–252, 727, 729, 735, 739, 750–751, 753–754, 756–757, 761
• Aram, Abbas, 690–691, 699
• ARAMCO. See Arabian-American Oil Company.
• Ardalan, Ali Qoli, 533n, 534, 540–541, 542n, 570, 592, 657
• Arif, Col. Abd al-Salim Muhammad, 108, 307, 337, 341, 345, 351, 353, 364, 369
• Arif, Lt. Gen. Mohammad Rafiq, 64, 307, 309, 352n
• Armitage, John A., 704n
• Arms limitations, 117–118, 144, 268
• Army, U.S., 244
• Aryan Union, 609, 685
• Atomic energy, 210, 220, 286, 481
• Atomic weapons, 321, 432, 536, 566, 659
• Attiyyah, Bajhat, 305–306
• Aurand, Captain, 566, 570
• Avner, Yehuda, 316
• Azzam, Abdul Rahman, 720–723, 795
• Baban, Ahmad Mukhtar, 306
• al-Badr ben Ahmad, Crown Prince Muhammad, 39, 771, 796–798, 802–810, 811n, 812–815
• Baghdad Pact, 42, 210, 242, 243–248, 250, 254, 284, 569, 721
  • Arab position, 15, 22, 38
  • British position, 112, 121, 244, 246–247
  • Combined Military Planning Staff (CMPS), 206–207, 244
  • Council meetings:
    • Ankara, January 1958, 2, 32–34, 36–39, 43, 531, 534, 564
    • Karachi, January 1959, 205, 207–210, 223, 531
    • London, July 1958, 78, 85, 97, 103, 111–113, 126, 333, 571n, 639
    • Tehran, April 1960, 253–254
    • Washington, October 1959, 205n, 206, 208, 221–224, 237–244, 489–490, 656
  • Indian position, 96–97, 246
  • Iranian membership in, 37–38, 283–284, 535, 611, 687–688, 701
  • Iranian position, 243, 563, 565, 589, 608, 624n, 649–650, 652, 685
  • Iraq, 30, 75, 97, 208, 228, 311
    • coup, July 1958, 311
    • membership for, 38, 80, 106, 289, 335n, 393
    • military contingency planning against, 228n, 229
    • seizure of Pact records, 75
    • withdrawal of, 74, 96–97, 104, 111, 120–121, 126, 137, 223–224
  • Israeli position, 316
  • Military Committee, 243, 247
  • Multilateral Technical Assistance Fund, 206, 209
  • Pakistani position, 78, 111, 235, 239–240, 243, 249, 283, 535
  • Permanent Military Deputies Group (PMDG), 244
  • Soviet position, 121, 245, 532n, 633
  • tactical nuclear support for, 284n
  • Turkish position, 78, 111, 208, 235, 243, 283
  • U.A.R. position, 121, 228
  • U.S. bilateral treaties with members of, 205n, 206, 208, 212, 223–224, 227, 229, 236
  • U.S. position, 126, 208–209, 238–239
  • U.S. role in, 96–97, 103–104, 113–114, 121, 227–230, 660
    • Iran, effect on, 614, 616, 623
    • Iranian position, 78, 111, 222, 235, 237, 245, 249–250
    • Joint Chiefs of Staff proposal, 235–236, 280–285
• Bahrein, 774–775, 779
  • British role in, 77, 83, 93–95, 774
  • Iranian claim to, 608, 613
• Bakdash, Khalid, 202, 380, 408
• Bakhtiar, Maj. Gen. Teimur, 648, 670–671, 694–695
• Bandung Conference, 441
• Barco, James W., 1
• Barnes, Robert G., 300n, 339n, 579–581, 800n
• Bartlett, Frederic P., 238n
• Barzani, Mulla Mustafa, 345–346
• Baska, Col. John W., 539
• Baxter, William O., 674n, 679n, 700n
• Becker, Loftus, 96n, 331n, 786–787
• Beckner, Earl R., 93n, 255n, 277
• Bell, John O., 205n, 335n, 619–620, 701n, 739–741, 815n
• Ben Gurion, David, 11, 85, 155, 179, 181, 316–317, 647–649
• Bennsky, George M., Jr., 55n
• Benson, Ezra Taft, 80
• Berding, Andrew H., 233
• Bergin, Adm. Charles K., 59, 63–64, 300n
• Bergus, Donald C., 4n, 55n
• Berlin crisis, 430, 513
• Bermuda Conference, March 1957, 56, 64–66, 176, 290
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 321n, 626n
• Berry, J. Lampton, 110n, 145n, 158–162, 292n, 797
• Bevilacqua, Charles K., 815n
• Bishop, Frederick, 301
• Bissell, Richard, 494–495, 501n
• Black, Eugene, 2, 450, 550n, 619–621
• Boggs, Marion, 100n, 124n, 221, 258, 275n, 363n, 366n, 372n, 443n, 488n, 492n, 493, 494n, 501n, 508n, 644n, 662n, 671n, 676n, 696n, 748
• Bourguiba, Habib ben Ali, 131–132, 332, 434, 527
• Bowling, 696n, 700n, 701n, 704n, 706–711
• Bozorgmehr, Esfandiar, 537–539, 542
• Bracken, Katherine W., 496n
• Brand, Vance, 712n
• Brewer, William D., 93n, 774n, 800n
• Bridges, Styles, 75
• British Petroleum Co. (BP), 252, 256–257, 784n
• British Protectorates. See Aden; Bahrein; Gulf states; Kuwait; Qatar; Trucial States.
• Brook, Norman, 301
• Brundage, Percival, 17
• Budget, Bureau of the, 221
• Buraimi dispute, 30–31, 52, 54, 269, 720–722, 725, 727, 738, 773
• Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 245, 400–401
• Burns, Eugene, 315n, 514
• Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 341, 451, 510, 594, 671, 676, 736, 748
• Caccia, Harold, 2, 60n, 217, 233, 246, 299, 301, 411, 738, 790
• Calhoun, John A., 222n, 414n
• Caltex, 370, 373, 757n
• Canada, 65–66
• Carabia, Jose, 315
• CARE (Cooperative for American Remittances to Everywhere), 51
• Carr, Robert M., 64n
• Cartels, international, 251–253, 257–258
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 135, 155, 579
  • Iran, 579, 596, 693n
  • Iraq, 307, 353n, 400, 401n, 410, 467, 508
  • Saudi Arabia, 762n, 764n, 765n
• Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) (see also Baghdad Pact), 235n
• al-Chaderchi, Kamel, 345, 353, 379, 518n
• Chamberlain, Neville, 105
• Chamoun, Camille, 20, 50, 57, 73, 89, 101, 132, 305, 571
  • U.S. military intervention in Lebanon, 79, 85, 309, 313
• Chapin, Selden, 533n, 537n, 541n, 542n, 543, 548–553
• Chase Manhattan Bank, 1, 550, 552
• Chehab, Gen. Fuad, 73, 89, 101, 124
• China, People’s Republic of, 161, 282, 364, 430
• China, Republic of, 43n, 545, 628
• Cities Services Co., 793
• Clark, Gen. Albert P., 742–745
• Colley, George, Jr., 315, 514n
• Colonialism, 23, 132, 135, 266
• Combined Military Planning Staff (CMPS), 206–207, 244
• Commerce, U.S. Department of, 65, 66n, 220–221
• Congress, U.S., 10–11, 106, 228, 318, 343, 575n
  • acts of:
    • Middle East Resolution (P.L. 85–7, 1957). SeeEisenhower Doctrine.
    • Mutual Security acts, 393, 640
    • P.L. 480, 370, 507, 580, 703, 723n
  • Baghdad Pact, 111, 113–114, 222–224, 236
  • Iran, 622, 624–625, 700, 709–711
• Coon, Carleton S., 816n
• Cooperative for American Remittances to Everywhere (CARE), 51
• Cotton, 24, 203, 404
• Crawford, William R., Jr., 754–757, 790n, 796, 805, 809, 815n
• Creole Oil Co., 279
• Crown Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia. SeeFaisal ibn abd al-Aziz.
• Cuba, 364, 425, 816
• Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 72, 544, 694, 762n, 769–770
  • Iraq, 304, 322, 324–325, 329–330, 336–338, 351–354, 491
• Cutler, Robert, 6–7, 9, 12–16, 39
• Cyprus, 34, 76, 82, 91, 107, 298
• Czechoslovakia, 185, 347, 450, 526
• Dabbagh, Abdullah, 772
• al-Daghestani, Maj. Gen. Ghazi, 309, 337, 352n
• Dale, William N., 301
• Damandji, Col., 318–319
• Davies, Rodger P., 274
• de Gaulle, Gen. Charles, 105, 513, 515
• de Ribbing, Herbert, 794
• Dean, Patrick, 217, 233, 301–302
• Decker, Gen. George H., 245
• Defense, U.S. Department of, 13, 55, 151, 155, 163–165, 170, 258, 575n
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 173, 177, 179
  • Baghdad Pact, 45, 207, 235–236, 248, 281
  • Iran, 568–569, 579, 615, 655, 659n, 667, 675, 702, 708
  • Iraq, 289–291, 307, 401n, 410, 433, 467, 490, 508, 524n
  • oil, 65, 66n, 220–221
  • Palestine issue, 4–5, 7
  • Saudi Arabia, 47, 741, 755, 762n, 764n, 765n, 766
• Dennison, Adm. Robert L., 224–226
• Denny, Adm. Michael M., 325, 776
• Development Loan Fund (DLF), 207, 229–230, 242, 746
  • Iran, 534, 548, 565, 580, 616, 619, 621, 651n, 655, 679n, 712
• Diamonds, 278
• Dickson, Marshall, 325, 776
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 4n, 59–60, 74, 167n, 205n, 276, 339n, 485n, 627n, 638, 679n, 703n, 704n, 739, 741n, 788, 789n
  • Baghdad Pact, 221–222, 237–239, 241
  • Iran, 543, 550n, 619–621, 638, 645, 670, 672
    • U.S. military and economic aid to, 579, 581n, 615, 654–655, 661, 701
  • Iraq, 299, 301–302, 368, 402–405, 444–445, 455, 458–459, 464, 467, 470
  • oil, 64–65, 213–214, 279–280, 285
  • Turkey, 579, 581n, 638
  • Yemen, 800, 815–816, 818
• Dimechkie, Nadim, 57
• Diwan, Rais, 312
• Dixon, Pierson, 721–722
• Djibouti, 131
• Dolgin, George, 255n
• Dorman, John R., 290n, 716n, 719n
• Douglas, James H., 280–281
• Draper Committee, 708
• Dulles, Allen W., 42n, 72, 81, 84, 106, 131, 156, 394, 463n
  • Arab nationalism, 98–99, 107–108
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 155, 183
  • Iran, 134, 208, 501, 509, 585, 587, 597, 603, 604, 696, 699
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 600–601, 625, 638, 644–645, 654, 669–670, 690
  • Iraq, 307–311, 341, 348, 375–377, 380–381, 400–401, 462n, 474, 501, 511
    • British position, 301, 325, 377–378
    • Communist threat to, 403, 423–427, 434, 441, 446, 464, 471n, 472, 478
    • harassment of U.S. nationals in, 424, 441
    • Qassim government, 108, 333, 492–493
    • United Arab Republic, relations with, 217, 219, 404, 489–490
  • Jordan, 73–74, 137
  • Kuwait, 83–84, 776–777, 781n, 784
  • Lebanon, 85, 124, 137
  • Libya, 275–276
  • Near East, 82, 178
  • oil, 213n, 261
  • Saudi Arabia, 47, 137, 715, 720, 724, 728, 734
  • Soviet-U.A.R relations, 133, 218–219
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 39–40, 137, 715, 734
  • Yemen, 180, 185, 796n, 800, 807–808, 813, 814n
• Dulles, John Foster, 56n, 94n, 130, 145n, 156–158, 176–177, 325n, 360, 575n
  • Arab nationalism, 98–99, 136
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 7–12, 164, 177, 179, 184–185
  • Baghdad Pact, 32–34, 37–39, 42n, 74, 78, 106, 113–114, 126, 205n, 207–209
    • U.S. membership in, 96, 103–104, 111–112
  • Gulf states, 93, 95n
  • Iran, 37–39, 532–534, 537–539, 543, 552, 569–570, 588, 596
    • Soviet non-aggression pact with, 625–627, 635
    • U.S. military and economic aid to, 531, 562, 579, 581
  • Iraq, 102, 307, 321, 336–337
    • British position, 301–302, 320, 375, 377–378
    • political situation, 83, 331, 333–334, 351–353, 363–364
    • U.S. military aid to, 289, 291, 294–296, 299
  • Jordan, 73–74, 85–86, 100–102, 180, 317–318
  • Kuwait, 93n, 134, 776–778
  • Lebanon, 72–74, 79, 85, 101, 308, 570–572
  • Near East, 1–5, 35, 48, 55, 76, 157–158, 167, 176, 200
    • Soviet role in, 133, 177
    • U.S. military aid to, 13, 63n, 72, 183
  • Persian Gulf, 83–84
  • resignation and death of, 423, 425, 461
  • Saudi Arabia, 46, 102, 572, 714, 719–725, 768
  • Turkey, 75, 579, 581
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 33–34, 36, 127–129, 303, 375, 378
• Eban, Abba, 11, 647
• Ebtehaj, Abol Hassan, 534n, 543, 615, 617–621
• Egypt (see alsoUnited Arab Republic; Egypt and Egyptian subheadings under other entries), 21–22, 24, 29, 108, 120, 432–433, 799
• Eilts, Herman F., 205n, 221n, 223n, 229n, 238n, 241n, 751n, 757n, 762n, 764n, 766n, 771n, 794n, 818n
• Eisenhower, Dwight David, 81–82, 109n, 131, 178, 218, 340n, 426n, 546n, 575n
  • Afghanistan, 659
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 7, 13–14, 155, 179, 184–186
  • Baghdad Pact, 42n, 105, 112–114, 205n, 208–209, 221, 237, 239–241
  • British-U.S. relations, 216
  • class warfare, 677–678
  • heads of governments meeting, Soviet proposal for, 86–87, 514
  • Iran, 134, 508–509, 531, 579, 601n, 602–604, 617, 657n, 670, 678
    • Soviet non-aggression pact with, 627–629, 631, 640n
    • Soviet threat to, 532, 639, 649, 651n, 652, 657–658
    • United States, relations with, 533, 552, 566–575, 672–673
    • U.S. military aid to, 77, 531, 562, 575–577, 579, 617, 649n, 659–663, 674–675, 700–702
  • Iraq, 298, 304, 307, 331, 334, 335n, 363–364, 449–450, 474, 508–509
    • British position, 301–302, 441, 445
    • Communist threat to, 385n, 399, 401n, 403, 409–410, 419
    • U.A.R.-U.S. cooperation, 376–377, 403–404
    • United States, relations with, 360, 374, 407
  • Jordan, 78n, 100, 317–318
  • Kuwait, 83–84, 784n, 787
  • Lebanon, 78n, 79, 143, 218, 308, 570–572
  • Near East, 63n, 72, 76, 80–82, 106, 133, 156, 183, 555
    • British role in, 56, 175–176, 290
  • oil, 64–66, 130, 221, 260n
  • Saudi Arabia, 46, 568, 572, 714n, 715, 729, 733
  • Shah visit to the United States, 535n
  • State visits:
    • Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey, December 1959, 240, 253, 652, 658–660, 662–663
    • Soviet Union, proposed, 238
  • Turkey, 32–33, 74, 77, 579
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 33–34, 36, 82, 218
• Eisenhower, John S.D., 207–208, 240–241, 807n, 812
  • Iran, 663n, 671n, 693n, 699, 712
  • Iraq, 351n, 361n, 385n, 438–439, 441, 450, 472, 473, 500, 520n, 663n
• Eisenhower Doctrine, 15, 21–22, 28, 46–47, 51, 53, 270, 292, 465n, 786
  • Baghdad Pact, 37, 42, 113–114, 126, 564
  • Iran, 126, 552, 554–555, 608–609, 624, 651n, 685
  • Lebanon, 132, 372
• Elbrick, C. Burke, 301, 326, 776, 778n
• Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 277n
• Ellis, Athol H., 739n
• Elting, Howard, Jr., 765n
• Energy, alternate sources of, 220–221, 279, 286
• Ente Nazional Idrocarbui (ENI), 797n
• Eqbal, Manuchehr, 111, 237–241, 250, 533n, 534, 598, 617, 641, 656–658, 697–699
• Erhard, Ludwig, 375
• Ethiopia, 31, 82, 131, 198
  • Israel, relations with, 155, 316, 648
• Export-Import Bank, 11, 25, 534n, 543–544, 548, 679n, 712, 746
• Ezzi, Ahman Salih, 307
• Fahad bin Abdul Aziz, 772
• Fahad bin Saud, 726, 772
• Fahad, Shaikh, 776
• Faisal ibn abd al-Aziz, 90, 125, 137–139, 729–734, 743, 751–754, 760–761, 768–771, 790–791
  • assumption of powers by, 721, 724, 726–728, 735
  • conflict with King Saud, 745–748, 750, 757–760, 767
  • coup plots, 762n, 763–765
  • economic situation in Saudi Arabia, 736, 739–741
• Faisal II, King, 292, 293n, 300
  • killing of, 71, 218, 307–308, 310, 312, 315n, 513n, 732
• Farley, Philip J., 233
• Fawzi, Mahmoud, 200
• Ferguson, Charles B.808
• Fields, Brig. Gen. L.J., 246–247
• Five Power Resolution, 514
• Foreign Ministers Meeting on Germany, July 1959, 645n, 647n
• France, 19, 131, 278, 509, 513
  • United States, relations with, 192, 287, 513, 516
• Frechtling, Louis E., 745n
• Freers, Edward L., 627n
• French Petroleum Company, 252
• Fritzlan, A. David, 201, 204, 353n, 361, 365
• Furnas, Howard, 136n, 210n, 509n
• Gallman, Waldemar J., 359n, 360
  • Iraq, 296–297, 314–315, 318–319, 326n, 344–346, 357–358
    • United States, relations with, 343, 359n, 361–362
    • U.S. military aid to, 292n, 296–297, 339–340, 348–350, 406n
• Gannett, Michael R., 243n, 246
• Gates, Thomas S., Jr., 233–235, 490
• al-Gaylani, Rashid Ali, 353–354
• George, W. Lloyd, 306
• Germany, Democratic Republic of, 671
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 31, 375, 584, 809–810
• Gleason, S. Everett, 6n, 37n, 46n, 145n, 154n, 175n, 182n, 219, 341, 348, 375n, 378, 402n, 423n, 441, 446n, 469n, 471n, 547n, 591n, 600n, 625, 638, 642, 728, 784n, 800, 808, 813
• Glidden, Harold W., 322–323, 478
• Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J., 72, 81, 98, 222n, 473n, 489n, 491, 653n, 658n
  • Iraq, 301, 307–308
• Grantham, Adm. Elonzo B., Jr., 246, 674n
• Gray, Gordon, 101, 104–105, 107, 109n, 275, 429, 464n, 466n, 597n
  • Iran, 587, 589–594, 601–603, 672, 677
  • Iraq, 364, 372, 374, 376, 401–402, 441, 446, 467, 492, 509–510
    • Communist threat to, 404–405, 410, 423–426, 436, 441
    • United Arab Republic (UAR), conflict with, 438, 489
  • Near East, 125–127, 129, 131, 154–156, 175–176, 178, 180–183, 185–186, 248–249
  • oil, 220, 257, 260n, 261, 276
• Greece, 91, 96–97, 200, 581
• Greene, Joseph, 95n, 97n, 532n
• Greene, Miles L., Jr., 688n
• Gromyko, Andre A., 646–647, 653, 655
• Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 28, 52, 54, 194–195, 720, 722–723, 725, 728
• Gulf Oil Company, 252, 257, 784n
• Gulf states (see alsoBahrein; Kuwait; Persian Gulf; Qatar; Trucial Coast), 23, 93–95, 144, 370, 738, 783, 774–775
  • British role in, 93–95, 192, 782–783, 788–789
• Hadid, Muhammad, 335n, 345, 361, 379–380, 476, 518n
• Hager, Eric H., 251
• Hagerty, James C., 81, 82n, 531–532
• Halla, Philip J., 460, 463, 467
• Hammarskjöld, Dag, 1–2, 9, 35, 86, 317, 412, 468, 645–646, 794–795
  • Lebanon, 79, 101, 731
• Handley, William J., 460, 462–463, 467, 469
• Hare, Raymond A., 204, 210, 358, 449, 468, 751n, 757n, 766, 796, 798, 808–812
• Harr, Karl G., Jr., 414n, 547–548, 596, 663
• Hart, Parker T., 457, 460–461, 466, 468, 651, 704n, 739n, 762n, 764n
• Hashemite rule, 329, 499
• Hashim, Ibrahim, 301n
• Hassan, Prince Saif al-Islam, 797, 806–807, 813
• Hawkins, Richard H., Jr., 762n, 767
• Hayter, William, 35, 325, 776
• Heath, Donald R., 76–77, 714n, 716n, 717n, 730–733, 737–738, 749–750, 751n, 752–754, 790–791
  • political situation in Saudi Arabia, 726n, 747n, 757–758, 762n, 763, 765n
  • U.S. economic and military aid to Saudi Arabia, 742–745, 746n
  • U.S.-Saudi relations, 724n, 725, 736, 755
• Hedayat, Gen. Abdollah, 578, 583, 680, 699, 712–713
• Hekmat, Ali Asghar, 223, 553, 576, 578, 631, 632n, 636, 641, 646
• Henderson, Loy, 209, 221n, 330, 541n, 582, 627n, 652n, 654n, 696n, 765n
• Hendryx, Frank, 750, 753, 756
• Herter, Christian A., 145n, 219, 238n, 394, 399n, 509n, 645n, 696n, 716n, 790, 798
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 155–156
  • Baghdad Pact, 222, 237, 253–254, 280, 591
  • Iran, 508, 587n, 590n, 592, 601–602, 656, 677–678
    • Soviet propaganda campaign against, 239–240, 639–642, 646, 649–653
    • U.S. military aid to, 660–662, 674–675, 700–702
  • Iraq, 299, 324–325, 372, 446, 484, 489, 492, 494–495, 508
    • Communist threat to, 410, 479–480
    • political situation, 338, 363–364
    • United States, relations with, 360, 514–516
    • Western oil boycott of, 400, 401n
  • Kuwait, 83, 776
  • Near East, 55, 59, 81, 143, 158
  • Oil, 64, 65n, 213, 261
  • Pakistani-Iranian unification, 561
  • Saudi Arabia, 46–47, 768, 769
  • Turkey, 219, 489
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 33, 36, 216, 374
  • U.S.-British joint military planning, 233, 235
• Herzog, Yaacov, 346–347
• Hitler, Adolf, 105, 129, 573
• Hoegh, Leo A., 220
• Holloway, Adm. James L., Jr., 85
• Holman, Eugene, 213–214
• Hood, Viscount Samuel, 60n, 76, 301–302, 317–318, 320, 325, 411, 737, 776
• Hope, A. Guy, 515
• Hope, John, 233
• Howe, Fisher, 48n, 96n, 158n
• Hoy, Gen., 578, 583
• Hover-Millar, Frederick, 217–218, 233
• Humphrey, George, 81n, 331
• Hussaini, Jamal Bey, 727
• Hussein I, King, 20, 79, 98–100, 104, 138, 204, 218, 293n, 320, 512–513
  • Iraq, 86, 312–314, 499, 523, 527
  • plots against, 73, 77, 89, 310
• Idris el Mahdi es-Senussi, Sayid Mohammed, 108
• Imam of Yemen. SeeAhmad ben Yahya.
• India (see also India and Indian subheadings under other subjects), 568
  • Pakistan, relations with, 72, 241, 640
  • United States, relations with, 228, 236, 535n
  • U.S. economic aid to 208, 533, 535–536
• Indo-China, 431–432
• Indonesia, 47, 91, 407
• Interior, U.S. Department of, 65, 66n, 220–221
• Intermediate-range ballistic missies (IRBMs). See Missiles.
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 1–2, 25, 35, 130, 550n, 616, 620–621, 680, 686, 746
• International Cooperation Agency (ICA), 55, 57–58, 65, 66n, 242, 260, 575n
  • Iran, 579, 615, 651n, 655
  • Iraq, 410, 457, 463, 511, 525
  • Yemen, 800–802, 814–816, 818–819
• International Monetary Fund (IMF), 619, 679, 695, 703, 721, 746
• International Petroleum Company, 280
• Investment Guarantee Program, 392
• Iran (see also Iran and Iranian subheadings under other subjects):
  • Afghanistan, relations with, 284, 608, 642n, 651n, 656, 659, 674, 701
  • Afghanistan, unification with, 551, 568, 685
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation, 105, 121, 205n, 206, 208, 212, 219, 223–224, 227, 229, 236, 633, 638–643, 684, 686, 706
  • American University of Tehran, 539, 568
  • Arab minority in, 599, 607, 683
  • Arab nationalism, 124, 134, 147, 608, 685
  • Azerbaijan, 103, 555, 564, 641–642
  • Baghdad Pact Atomic Energy Center, 210
  • Baghdad Pact. See Iranian subjects under Baghdad Pact.
  • British position, 2n, 225, 234, 630, 646–647, 668, 787n
  • communications, 2n, 568, 603
  • economic situation, 665, 685–686, 695, 700, 703, 709, 713
    • industrial development bank proposal, 550, 552
    • taxation, 593, 609
  • economic stabilization talks, Washington, June 1960, 679–680
  • Firbal Project, 603
  • foreign policy of, 608–609, 684–685
  • India, relations with, 608, 634, 657n, 685
  • Iraq, 457, 459
    • attacks by, 651n
    • effect of Communist control of, 376, 416, 430, 434, 442, 453
    • military intervention in, 311, 313n, 316, 369, 391, 454–455
    • threat of, 284, 642n, 659, 674
  • Iraq, relations with, 239, 241, 356–357, 362, 365, 480, 507–509, 597, 613, 651n
    • Shatt al-Arab dispute, 492, 499, 501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n, 669
  • Israel, relations with, 155, 276, 572, 647–649
  • Jordan, relations with, 499
  • Kurdistan, 566, 583
  • Kurds, 90, 362, 461, 577, 583, 599, 601–603, 607, 683
  • Majlis, 553, 598–599, 671n, 692–693, 696–699
  • military planning for, 39, 225, 234, 554, 602
  • military situation, 103–104, 565–566, 570, 610n, 686–687, 709–710
    • coup possibilities, 585–588, 594, 688–690, 694–695
  • Mossedegh government, 432–434
  • Mutual Security Program, 72, 81
  • neutralism, 144, 161, 533
  • oil, 213, 215, 331, 546, 565, 567, 599, 609, 685, 752
  • OPEC membership for, 276, 278–279, 285
  • Pakistan, relations with, 568, 594, 602, 608, 630
  • Pakistan, unification with, 546–547, 551, 568, 593, 609, 613, 685
  • Plan Counterbalance. See under U.S. military aid below .
  • Plan Organization, 543, 548, 552, 599, 609–610, 621, 679–680, 686, 695n
  • political parties:
    • Mardom, 692n
    • Melliyum, 692–694
    • Tudeh, 387, 607, 625, 643, 671, 683
  • political situation, 88, 547–548, 549, 597–600, 605–608, 664–665, 682–684
    • elections, 676, 692–699, 712
    • Iraq coup, effect of, 583–588, 595–596, 606, 683
    • Turkish coup, effect of, 675, 683
  • Qarani affair, 537–539, 541–542, 548–549, 582
  • reforms, internal, 591–592, 594–601, 606–607, 612, 688
    • land reform, 659, 663, 670–671
  • Soviet non-aggression pact with, 208, 624, 626–632, 634–637, 638, 640, 643, 650
    • Iranian position, 625, 633, 636
  • Soviet Union:
    • threat of, 43, 282, 536, 600–603, 614–615, 617n, 641–644, 646–647, 660, 676
    • Treaty of Friendship, February 1921, 633, 636–637, 644, 653–654
    • Treaty of Guarantee and Neutrality, October 1927, 633, 637
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 574, 601, 608, 620, 690–691, 699, 704–705
    • propaganda campaign, 239–240, 242, 641, 645–649, 652–658, 684, 699
  • Turkey, relations with, 602, 608, 630
  • Turkish-Iranian railroad, 206–207, 209–210, 242, 254, 651n, 656
  • United Arab Republic, relations with, 634, 701
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 103, 134
  • United States, relations with, 31, 37, 240
    • contacts with opposition elements, 537–539, 541–542, 548–549, 553, 582, 645
  • U.S. economic aid to, 74, 82, 242, 531, 552–553, 557–558, 580–581, 610, 686, 703
    • economic development loans, 534n, 536, 551–552, 565
    • Iranian position, 535, 540, 615–617
  • U.S. military aid to, 2n, 544–546, 559, 575–577, 581, 666–669, 706–711
    • aircraft, 2n, 3, 558, 560, 565, 658, 659n, 666n, 668–669, 702, 708
    • airfields, 548, 650, 651n, 658–659, 663, 666n, 669, 707–708
    • amount, 72, 228, 548, 552–553, 557–560, 687
    • Defense Support, 703–704, 707–712
    • Iranian position, 615–616, 674–675
    • Military Assistance Program (MAP), 43–45, 556–560, 610n, 702, 708, 710–711
    • missiles, 284n, 651n, 652n, 658, 659n, 663, 666n, 668–669, 708
    • Plan Counterbalance, 77, 533–534, 540, 579–581, 610–611, 620–624, 674–675, 706–707
    • ships, 558, 560, 565, 651n, 652n, 666n, 668, 708
  • U.S. policy, 604–605, 672–673, 680–688
• Iranian Consortium, 252
• Iraq (see also Iraq and Iraqi subheadings under other subjects), 2n, 21, 24, 28, 29, 144, 210, 315n, 328, 379, 450, 475, 481, 510, 526,
  • agrarian reform, 503, 521, 529
  • agreements with the United States:
    • Atomic Energy Cooperation for Civil Uses, May 1957, 393
    • Community Welfare, March 1955, 393
    • cultural agreements, 448, 526
    • Economic Assistance, July 1957, 460
    • Economic Development, November 1952, 393
    • Mutual Assistance Agreement, April 1954, 393, 460, 463, 465, 529
    • Supplemental Sales, April 1955, 460, 465
    • Technical Cooperation, April 1951, 393
  • Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 264
  • Baghdad Pact. See Iraqi subjects under Baghdad Pact.
  • British military aid to, 31, 289–291, 377–378, 406, 412, 424, 450, 456–457
  • British military intervention in, 310, 313n, 321, 326, 454–455
  • British position, 241, 320, 375–376, 395n, 423, 428, 434, 442, 479, 490
  • British-U.S. discussions, 391, 427, 429–431, 441, 489–490, 501
  • civil war, possibility of, 489, 491, 494–495
  • communism, 108, 200–202, 219, 231, 264–265, 395–399
    • takeover by, 376, 386–388, 453–455
      • Soviet position, 439–440, 442, 517
    • threat of, 416, 450, 456–460, 471–472, 474–479, 510, 517
      • Iranian position, 241–242, 461, 633, 663
      • Soviet position, 442–443
      • Turkish position, 241–242, 399, 405, 407, 410, 422–423, 428, 442
      • U.S. position, 241–242, 381–388, 399–400, 414–423, 439–440, 444–445
  • coup, July 1958, 71, 87, 89, 102, 115, 132, 230n, 231, 307, 310–315, 322–325, 327–328, 732–733
    • dead and missing U.S. nationals, 315, 319n, 331, 340, 342–343
  • coup plots, 354–356, 361–362, 365–366, 372, 385
  • economic situation, 58, 298, 345, 449, 480, 496, 514, 517, 521–522, 528–529
  • French position, 387, 434, 522
  • India, relations with, 407, 469
  • Interagency Group on Iraq, 436–437, 441, 446, 460–463, 466–470, 484–486, 488–490, 501–502, 508–510
    • Iraqi Action Group, 507–508
  • Iran, relations with, 239, 241, 356–357, 362, 365, 480, 507–509, 597, 613, 651n
    • Shatt al-Arab dispute, 340, 492, 499, 501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n, 669
  • Iranian military intervention in, 311, 313n, 316, 369, 391, 454–455
  • Iranian position, 332–334, 371, 387–388, 457, 459, 547, 567, 577
  • Israel, relations with, 33, 646, 648
  • Israeli position, 310, 346–347, 387–388, 416, 428, 442, 472, 499
  • Jordan, relations with, 336, 472, 513, 517, 523, 527
  • Jordanian military intervention in, 88, 328, 369, 495, 499, 505, 577
  • Jordanian position, 310, 312–314, 332–334, 371, 416, 442
  • Kurds, 305, 357, 376, 443, 446, 458
    • Soviet support for, 216–218, 345–346, 352, 424
    • Turkomans, clashes with, 473–474
    • U.S. support for, 362, 365, 369, 373
  • Kuwait invasion, possible, 75, 234, 302, 310–311, 527, 786–787
  • Lebanon, relations with, 216, 332–334, 407, 517, 527
  • military situation, 22, 478, 500
    • coup plots, 498, 504, 517
      • U.A.R. involvement in, 322–323, 325n, 369–370, 375, 390, 489, 491
    • frontier unrest, 443, 446
    • Kirkuk clashes, 473–475, 482, 487, 503, 519
    • Mosul revolt, 395–397, 413, 439–440, 481, 487–488, 489n, 519
  • Morocco, relations with, 407, 527
  • oil, 157, 213n, 213, 215, 331, 449, 511, 521
    • internatonal cartel antitrust case, 251–252
  • OPEC membership for, 276, 279
  • Pakistani position, 86, 126–127, 332–334, 399, 577
  • political parties, 486, 518n
    • Baath Party of Iraq, 305, 309, 327, 332, 338, 345, 353–354, 380, 384, 476, 495–496, 498, 518
    • Communist Party (Ittihad al-Sha’b), 305, 324, 327, 332, 338, 353, 372, 447, 452, 526
      • weakening of and split in, 475–476, 503, 507, 510, 518
    • Istiqlal, 337, 353, 380, 476, 518n
    • Ittihad al-Sha’b (seeCommunist Party above)
    • licensing of, 501, 503, 507, 510, 518
    • National Democratic, 338, 345, 353, 379–380, 384, 471, 476, 496n, 518
  • political situation, 108, 305–306, 344–345, 352–353, 486–488, 496–498, 520n, 763
    • elections, 479, 518
    • U.A.R. position, 380–381
  • Popular Resistance Force (PRF), 378, 396–397, 415, 440, 460, 464, 475, 486, 498
  • Qassim government, 108, 330, 409
    • cabinet reshuffle, 378–381, 450–451, 472
    • Communist support of, 368, 519–520
    • factionalism within, 337–338, 344–346, 351–354
    • U.S. position, 196, 366–371
    • U.S. recognition of, 82–83, 86, 115–116, 125, 129, 331–334
      • Iranian position, 86, 126–127
      • Turkish position, 86, 126–127
  • Radio Baghdad, 477, 491
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 407, 527
  • Saudi position, 310, 334, 371, 413–414, 416, 732–733
  • Shatt al-Arab, 340, 492, 499, 501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n, 669
  • Soviet economic aid to, 265, 415, 419–420, 443, 451, 481, 504, 510–511, 526
  • Soviet military aid to, 219, 341, 360, 415, 451, 500, 511, 526, 644n
  • Soviet policy, 311, 454–455, 475, 483–484, 522
  • Soviet threat to, 91–92, 239, 241, 499
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 27, 202, 330, 390, 414
  • Soviet-U.A.R. dispute over, 373. 385–386
  • Sudan, relations with, 407, 416
  • Syria, relations with, 29, 58, 140, 178, 352
  • Tunisia, relations with, 334, 407, 527
  • Turkey, relations with, 480, 507, 522, 528
  • Turkish military intervention in, 75, 85, 88, 90, 307, 311–312, 313n, 316, 369, 391, 454–455, 577582n
  • Turkish position, 332–334, 371, 387–388, 409, 443–444, 457, 459, 466, 489–490
  • U.A.R. position, 341, 363–364, 442, 500
  • U.A.R.-Soviet dispute over, 385–386
  • United Arab Republic, relations with, 29, 82, 120n, 127, 140, 157, 216–218, 390, 480
    • aid to Iraqi dissidents, 382–388, 390, 478, 489, 517, 523
    • Chinese People’s Republic position, 403
    • dispute with, 296n, 351, 408, 418, 421, 458–459, 785
      • British position, 387, 411–413
    • military intervention by, 313, 489n, 495, 499, 505
    • Mutual Defense Agreement with, 329, 332
    • U.S.-U.A.R cooperation, 366, 370–371, 373–374, 376–378, 400, 444
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 376, 528
  • United States, relations with, 9, 47, 165, 318–319, 335–336, 360–363, 365, 392–393, 451–452, 529
    • evacuation of U.S. nationals from, 489–490
    • harassment of U.S. personnel, 336–337, 340, 344, 361, 389–390, 397, 424, 441, 444, 468, 522
    • improvements in, 477, 505–506, 509–511, 513, 525
    • Iraqi position, 357–358, 512–516
    • U.S. nationals killed in coup, 315, 319n, 331, 340, 342–343, 416, 480n, 514, 516
  • U.S. economic aid to, 119, 296n, 297–298, 525–526
    • technical assistance, 174, 392–393, 417, 448
  • U.S. military aid to, 22, 196–197, 348–350, 367, 393, 399, 406–407, 417, 530
    • aircraft, 55–56, 59–60, 63–64, 289–292, 295–296, 298–300, 304, 463
    • British position, 2n, 289–291, 295–296, 299–300
    • Military Assistance Program (MAP), 43–45, 339n, 340, 349
  • U.S. military intervention in, 86, 260, 272, 405, 417, 419, 430, 454–455
    • Soviet position, 329
  • U.S. policy, 30, 249, 366–374, 389–394, 524–530
  • U.S.-U.K. Memorandum of Understanding, February 1954, 291
  • Western oil boycott, 399–400, 408, 419, 434
• Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), 251–252, 387, 393, 399, 412, 449, 453, 521
  • British control of, 525, 528
  • pipelines, 58, 419
• Iraqi Action Group, 507–508
• Irwin, John N., II, 42–45, 63n, 81, 207n, 233, 246–247, 291n, 533n, 700n, 766n
  • Iran, 534, 544–545, 666–667
  • Saudi Arabia, 742–745, 755
• Islam, 154, 495
• Islamic view of, Arab nationalism, 154
• Ismail, Abdul Qadir, 380
• Israel (see also Israel and Israeli subheadings under other subjects), 21, 49, 144, 647
  • Arab nationalism, 131–132, 139, 141, 146–147, 388
  • Arab position, 19, 129, 189, 431
  • boundaries, 118, 144, 152, 166, 181, 193
  • British overflights of, 77, 86, 102, 137
  • economic boycott of, 20, 27
  • Ethiopia, relations with, 155, 316, 648
  • France, relations with, 15, 31, 90, 192, 269
  • Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 28, 52, 54, 194–198, 720, 722–723, 725, 728
  • immigration limit proposal, 4–5, 10–12, 20, 27, 118, 152, 155, 193
  • Iran, relations with, 155, 276, 572, 647–649
  • Iranian-U.A.R. tensions over, 276
  • Iraq, relations with, 33, 648
  • Jordan, possible collapse of, 181, 185–186, 196, 272
  • Jordan, relations with, 90, 100, 103
  • military situation, 22, 125
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 316, 728, 760
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 8–9, 388
  • Sudan, relations with, 316, 648
  • Suez Canal, use of, 27–28, 194
  • Turkey, relations with, 155, 648
  • U.A.R. military conflict with, 88, 194, 468–469
  • U.N. role in, 152, 181
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 85–86, 347
  • United States, relations with, 86, 117–119, 193, 203, 264
  • U.S. position, 19–20, 29, 150, 154–155, 271
  • water issues, 27–28, 58, 193, 195
• Italy, 31, 216, 446, 809–810
• Jackling, Roger N., 326, 776
• Jamali, Fadhil, 352
• Jamil, Hussein, 379
• Jandrey, Frederick W., 64n
• Japan, 43n, 91, 375, 407, 444, 534, 545, 752
• Jawad, Hashim, 342, 379, 451n, 456, 479–480, 512–516
• Jernegan, John D., 365n
  • Iraq, 360, 424–425, 444, 446, 451, 484–486, 489, 492–493, 510–511
    • Communist threat to, 381, 446–449, 456–457, 459, 465, 479
• Jerusalem issue, 26–27, 179, 181, 193
• Johnson, Maj. Gen. Douglas, 246
• Johnson, Robert H., 260n
• Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 213, 258, 261n, 766
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 5–7, 12–13, 166, 169–170, 173, 177, 179, 186
  • Baghdad Pact, 235–236, 245, 280–285
  • Iran, 546, 554–560, 562, 565–566, 579, 667–669
  • Iraq, 289–290, 307, 401, 410, 433, 435
  • Near East, 13, 164–165, 171–174, 183
  • U.S.-British joint military planning, 224n, 225, 233–235
• Jomard, Abdul Jabar, 200, 319n, 327, 335n, 339n, 342–343, 347–348, 356n, 361
  • resignation of, 378n, 379–380
• Jones, G. Lewis, 4n, 238n, 251–253, 259–260, 280n, 479–480, 491, 575n, 656, 660n, 700n, 751n, 757n, 765
  • Baghdad Pact, 227, 229–230, 241–245, 246–247
  • Iran, 645–647, 651, 654–657, 679n, 693n, 701–704
  • Iraq, 484–486, 488–489, 512–515
  • Muscat and Oman, 790–791, 794–795
  • Yemen, 815–816, 818–819
• Jones, John Wesley, 2n
• Jones, Owen T., 2n, 238n, 326, 615n, 619, 635n, 679n
• Jordan (see also Jordan and Jordanian subheadings under other subjects):
  • Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 88, 139, 388
  • Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 64
  • British economic and military aid to, 272, 299
  • British military intervention in, 71, 74, 76–77, 85–86, 133, 308, 310, 317–318, 326
    • Near East, effect on, 87–91, 93
    • Sudanese position, 91, 104–105
    • troop withdrawals, 111, 125, 159–160
  • British position, 218, 320
  • collapse of, possible, 181, 185–186, 196, 272
  • economic situation, 137, 180
  • Iraq, relations with, 336, 472, 513, 517, 523, 527
  • Israel, relations with, 90, 100, 103
  • Israeli position, 308, 316
  • military situation, 22, 50, 89, 310, 313
  • Palestinian refugees, 28, 41, 102
  • political situation, 110, 123, 138, 218
  • Saudi economic aid to, 298, 725, 728
  • Syria, relations with, 29, 137
  • U.A.R. membership for, 36, 310
  • U.A.R. position, 76, 88, 370
  • U.N. role in, 86, 100, 160
  • United Arab Republic, relations with, 184–185, 296n, 311, 322, 468–469
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 266, 499
  • United States, relations with, 9, 47, 117, 264, 266
  • U.S. economic and military aid to, 22, 55–60, 63–64, 73, 81, 102, 107, 165, 298, 301
  • U.S. military intervention in, 77, 99–102, 319n
  • U.S. policy, 30, 196, 271–272
  • U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225, 234
• Justice, U.S. Department of, 65, 251
• Kashmir, 179, 237, 568
• Kassim. See Qassim, Gen. Abdul Karim .
• Kennedy, Donald D., 64n, 255n, 619, 679n
• Kent, Sherman, 597–600, 784–786
• Kerr, Peyton, 679n, 701n, 712n
• Khalil, Abdullah, 50
• Khor al Udaid, 737–738
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 82, 86–87, 217, 425, 446, 509, 514, 628, 671
  • Iran, 280, 577–578, 642, 646, 653–655, 690–691, 699, 704
  • visit to the United States, September 1959, 238, 649–650, 652–653
• Kia, Gen. Haji Ali, 538
• Knapp, J. Burke, 619
• Knight, Robert H., 227, 235–236, 466, 660n, 764n
• Knowland, William F., 75
• Kohler, Foy, 93n, 96n, 645n, 652n
• Korea, Republic of, 43n, 683, 696n
• Kubba, Ibrahim, 379, 396, 398, 476, 503
• Kurdistan, 566, 583
• Kurds:
  • Iranian, 90, 362, 461, 577, 583, 599, 601–603, 607, 683
  • Iraqi, 305, 357, 376, 443, 446, 458, 473–474
    • U.S. support of, 362, 365, 369, 373
  • Soviet support for, 216–218, 345–346, 352, 424, 566
  • U.A.R. position, 566, 568
• Kuwait (see also Kuwait and Kuwaiti subheadings under other subjects), 87–88, 90, 139, 213, 774–782
  • Arab League, 137, 779, 780n, 781, 785
  • British military intervention in, 83, 93–95, 119, 129–130, 134, 152
  • British role in, 77, 102–103, 137, 225, 317, 774, 776–780, 784–785, 787–789
  • Iraq, relations with, 415, 430, 453, 527
    • invasion by, possible, 75, 234, 302, 310–311, 786–787
  • Israeli position, 316
  • oil, 157, 213n, 251–252, 752
  • OPEC membership for, 276, 278–279
  • U.A.R. membership for, 36, 310
  • United Arab Republic, relations with, 88, 125, 370, 782
• Kuwait Oil Company, 251, 784n
• Kuwait, Sheikh of. See Abdullah ibn Salim Al Sabah.
• Lakeland, William C., 331n, 339n, 348n, 368n, 378n, 509n
• Lardner, Lynford A., 460, 463, 467, 469
• Laskey, Denis S., 35, 233, 326, 411, 776
• Lathram, L. Wade, 800n
• Lawson, Edward B., 316–317
• Lay, James S., Jr., 17, 114n, 125n, 171n, 175n, 187, 248, 261n, 275n, 249, 438n, 605, 672n, 676n, 681
• Lazard Freres, 550, 552
• Lebanon (see also Lebanon and Lebanese subheadings under other subjects), 21, 24, 28, 29, 64, 110, 161, 201, 226, 731
  • Arab nationalism, 88, 139, 264
  • British military intervention in, 218, 304–306, 309
  • French military intervention in, 304, 309
  • Iraq, relations with, 216, 336, 407, 517, 527
  • Israeli position, 308, 316
  • military situation, 89, 309–310
  • political situation, 50, 89, 123–124, 732
  • Saudi position, 731–732
  • Syrian aid to rebels in, 79–80
  • threat to:
    • Iraq, effect on, 304–306, 315, 571–572
    • Jordan, effect on, 571–572
  • U.A.R. position, 88, 129, 370
  • U.N. role in, 82, 101, 159–160, 306
  • United Arab Republic, relations with, 124, 216, 303, 311
  • United States, relations with, 9, 47, 117, 264–265
  • U.S. economic and military aid to, 22, 55–57, 59–60, 63–64, 81, 299
  • U.S. military intervention in, 71–74, 77, 85, 107, 218, 313, 315, 318, 777
    • Indian position, 80, 91
    • Iranian position, 570–572, 577
    • Lebanese position, 372–373, 787
    • Near East, effect on, 87–91, 93
    • Soviet position, 129, 133
    • troop withdrawals, 111, 159–160
    • U.S. public opinion on, 431–432
  • U.S. policy, 29–31, 197, 272–273
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman, 339n
• Libya (see also Libya and Libyan subheadings under other subjects), 81–82, 85, 88, 91, 110, 142, 217, 316
  • Arab nationalism, 139, 147, 149, 189, 211
  • oil, 266, 275–276, 278, 752, 761
  • U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225–226
• Linquist, Maj. Gen. Roy E., 559n, 560, 616n, 617n
• Lloyd, Selwyn, 1–2, 34–35, 72–73, 76–77, 216–218, 233–235, 317n, 646–647, 721
  • Baghdad Pact, 112, 246n, 254
  • Iraq, 60n, 289, 291, 294–297, 299, 320, 411–413
  • Kuwait, 83, 93n, 776–778
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 87, 535–537, 540
• Logan, Donald, 326, 776
• London Declaration, July 1958, 111, 113–114, 126, 173, 208–209, 614, 616, 623, 629, 639
• Loudon, J.H., 285
• Macmillan, Harold, 42, 56, 63n, 64–66, 112, 290, 301–302, 641, 787
  • Jordan, 76, 99, 317
  • State visit to Washington, March 1959, 213n, 216–217
• Macomber, William B., Jr., 74, 96n
• Mahdawi, Col. Fadhil, 396, 462, 476, 481, 487, 497, 503, 507
• Majali, Gen. Habis, 312
• Majidian, Ahmad, 712n
• Mak, Dayton S., 410
• Malik, Charles, 56–57
• Mallory, Lester D., 255n
• Mann, Thomas C., 280
• Marcy, Carl, 645n, 649n, 696–698
• Martin, Edwin M., 255–256, 703, 712n
• Martin, Graham, 167n
• Mathews, Elbert G., 93n, 96n, 158, 227–228, 331n
• Mattei, Enrico, 213, 278
• McBride, Robert H., 233
• McClelland, Roswell D., 289n, 300n, 335n, 339n
• McClintock, Robert A., 204, 309
• McCloy, John J., 1–2, 35
• McCone, John A., 404, 449
• McElroy, Neil H., 47, 72, 81, 85–86, 133–134, 155, 186, 224, 554
  • Iraq, 423, 433–436
  • Kuwait, 83–84, 776
  • Near East, 63, 106, 171, 180
  • Persian Gulf, 95, 789
• McGehee, Gen., 762, 764–765, 769
• McSweeney, John M., 700n
• Mecca pilgrimages, 131, 720
• Meir, Golda, 316
• Menderes, Adnan, 33, 111, 208, 237–240, 311, 461, 584
• Merchant, Livingston T., 233, 243, 245–246, 248–249, 255, 256n, 501, 666, 788n
  • Baghdad Pact, 280n, 281n
  • Kuwait, 786n, 787n
• Meroz, Yohanan, 346
• Mewshaw, Franklin L., 535n
• Meyer, Armin H., 259n, 378n, 478, 484n, 488, 745n, 754, 757n, 762n, 764n, 772–773, 794n, 815n
• Middle East Economic Development Fund, 1–2, 25, 35, 130
• Middle East Resolution, March 1957. See Eisenhower Doctrine.
• Middle East. See Near East.
• Middle East Treaty Organization. See Baghdad Pact.
• Miklos, Jack C., 703n
• Mikoyan, Anastas I., 364, 510, 628
• Military Air Transport Service (MATS), 107, 754
• Military Assistance Program (MAP), 239, 339n, 340, 349, 742, 755
  • Iran, 43–45, 556–560, 610n, 702, 708, 710–711
• Miner, Robert G., 712n
• Minnich, L. Arthur, Jr., 79n, 351n
• Mirza, Maj. Gen. Iskander, 311, 547, 561
• Missiles, 45, 47, 80, 219
  • Iran, 284n, 651n, 652n, 658, 659n, 663, 666n, 668–669, 708
• Mohammed V of Morocco, 353n
• Moqadam, Reza, 712n
• Morehouse, Charlotte M., 322n
• Morocco, 10–11, 91, 110, 149, 189, 211, 407, 527
• Morris, Willie, 301, 326, 411, 776
• Mossadeq, Mohammed, 103, 106, 432–435, 537n, 675, 678, 689, 697
• Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 233–235
• Mouser, Grant E., III, 587n, 622n, 635n, 645n, 649n, 652n, 654n, 655n, 660n, 674n
• Mubarak, Abdullah, 776, 781–782
• Mueller, Frederick H., oil, 275–276
• Muhammad bin Saud, 771–772
• al-Muhsin, Abd, 770–771
• Murjan, Abd al-Wahhab, 294n
• Murphy, Francis T., 746n
• Murphy, Robert D., 75, 207n, 220, 237n, 238n, 354n, 451n, 456n, 459, 464n, 658n, 660n, 736
  • Baghdad Pact, 229, 235
  • Iraq, 333, 335, 348, 468
  • Lebanon, 72, 85, 101
  • Near East, U.S. policy in, 143–145, 157–162
• Musa’ad bin Abdul Rahman, 772
• Muscat and Oman, 790–795
  • Agreements with the United States, 792, 795
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 722, 790–791
• Mutual Security Program (MSP), 57, 72, 81, 239, 444, 581
• Naguib, Gen. Mohammed, 108, 324
• Naif, Hasan, 772
• Nash, John R., 424
• Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 29, 52, 81, 90, 141, 142, 195, 306, 418, 454, 468–469, 782
  • Africa, 142, 195, 271, 370
  • Arab nationalism, 116, 141–142, 149–150, 153–154, 176
  • Arab view of, 49–52, 127, 131
  • assassination plots against, 46, 53
  • communism, 142, 201, 218–219, 231–232, 264, 375
  • Five-Power Resolution, 514n
  • Iran, 42, 454, 550, 571–574, 633
  • Iraq, 216–219, 307–311, 315, 327–328, 338, 363–364, 366–367, 388, 450, 500
    • covert aid to pro-U.A.R. groups, 382–388, 390, 478, 489, 517, 523
    • Soviet-U.A.R dispute over, 373, 385–386
    • U.A.R. dispute with, 297, 426–427, 432–433, 435, 438–440, 444, 454, 458, 499
      • British position, 411–412
    • U.S.-U.A.R cooperation, 366, 370–371, 373–374, 376–377, 400
  • Iraqi view of, 52, 176, 395–396, 447, 480
  • Israel, 219, 317, 347, 647n
  • Jordan, 52, 523, 527
  • Kuwait, 84, 90, 125, 302, 777, 779, 780n, 785
  • Lebanon, 52, 79, 124, 138
  • Saudi Arabia, 715–719, 727, 735, 749, 760, 773, 777
  • Soviet support for, 87, 127–128, 133, 135–136, 140, 202
  • State visit to Moscow, April–May 1958, 547, 729n, 730
  • Sudan, 52, 176
  • Syrian membership in United Arab Republic, 130, 137
  • Theory of Revolution, 35
  • Turkey, 219, 424, 454, 461–462
  • United Arab Republic, formation of, 33, 36, 39–41
  • U.S. view of, 61–63, 145, 148–152, 155–158, 162–165, 167–169, 172, 175–179, 182, 189–190, 195
  • Yemen, 796, 798, 805, 811–812
• National Intelligence Estimates (see also Special National Intelligence Estimates):
  • NIE 30-57, 782n
  • NIE 30-2-57, 6, 17
  • NIE 30-59, 230–232, 260, 262, 481n, 483, 530
  • NIE 30-60, 286–288
  • NIE 34-59, 634n, 643–644
  • NIE 34-60, 664–665, 676, 681
  • NIE 36.5-56, 734n
  • NIE 36-58, 61–63
  • NIE 36-60, 249, 260, 262
  • NIE 36.2-60, 516–523, 530
  • NIE 36.6-60, 759–761
• National Security Council (NSC), 252, 307, 429, 467, 484–485, 508, 587n
  • actions:
    • 1550, 302, 818
    • 1753, 6
    • 1771, 6, 17
    • 1845, 13, 17
    • 1855, 39
    • 1874, 47
    • 1875, 47
    • 1906, 547n
    • 1951, 109, 125, 134, 154
    • 1955, 134, 154
    • 1958, 154
    • 1973, 156, 175, 180, 182, 187
    • 1986, 595
    • 1998, 597, 601–602, 604–605
    • 1999, 180, 182, 186–187, 193n
    • 2003, 186–187
    • 2006, 604
    • 2021, 364
    • 2030, 374
    • 2033, 377, 425
    • 2065, 405, 425
    • 2068, 366n, 426n, 437–438, 444–446, 457, 466, 469, 470n, 484–485, 488, 490, 492–495, 501–502, 508–509
    • 2074, 445–446, 469, 488, 492
    • 2077, 446
    • 2078, 449, 469, 488, 492
    • 2080, 260, 262, 275, 277
    • 2090, 469
    • 2200, 470, 488, 492
    • 2233, 490
    • 2246, 493
    • 2270, 663–664, 672, 676, 680
    • 2180, 502, 508
    • 2202, 509
    • 2225, 673, 676–677, 681
    • 2233, 258, 492–493
    • 2256, 677, 681
    • 2264, 261–262
    • 2302, 276
  • documents:
    • NSC 2260, 501, 508
    • NSC 5428, 4–6, 17
    • NSC 5702, 18n, 188n
    • NSC 5703/1, 18n, 188n, 547, 588–591, 593, 595–597, 601–602, 604–605
    • NSC 5708/2, 18n, 188n, 263n
    • NSC 5801, 4–8, 10, 12–13, 17
    • NSC 5801/1, 4n, 13–14, 17–32, 114, 125, 154, 162, 167, 171, 175, 182, 187
    • NSC 5810/1, 405–406, 425
    • NSC 5820, 162–175, 177–180, 182–187, 425, 484, 486
    • NSC 5820/1, 187–199, 210, 248–249, 260–263, 364, 366–368, 377, 788–789
    • NSC 5821, 601–602, 604–605
    • NSC 5821/1, 604–615, 663–664, 672–673, 676, 680, 688
    • NSC 5832/1, 229
    • NSC 5909/1, 263n
    • NSC 6010, 263n, 676–677, 680–688
    • NSC 6011, 259–273, 275
    • NSC 6106, 262n
  • meetings:
    • 352d, January 22, 1858, 6–14, 17, 796n
    • 354th, February 6, 1958, 37–40
    • 357th, March 6, 1958, 715
    • 358th, March 13, 1958, 46–47
    • 360th, March 27, 1958, 724
    • 363d, April 24, 1958, 728
    • 364th, May 1, 1958, 800
    • 365th, May 8, 1958, 547n
    • 373d, July 28, 1959, 97n, 100–109, 778
    • 375th, August 7, 1959, 137–138
    • 376th, August 15, 1958, 585
    • 377th, August 21, 1958, 154–156, 585, 734
    • 379th, September 18, 1958, 341, 590n, 591–595
    • 380th, September 25, 1958, 341, 736
    • 381st, October 3, 1958, 341
    • 383d, October 16, 1958, 175–180, 348, 597
    • 384th, October 30, 1958, 182–187
    • 386th, November 13, 1958, 600–605
    • 390th, December 11, 1958, 356
    • 391st, December 18, 1958, 363–364
    • 392d, December 23, 1958, 372–374
    • 393d, January 15, 1959, 375–377
    • 394th, January 22, 1959, 625, 807–808
    • 395th, January 29, 1959, 377–378
    • 396th, February 15, 1959, 380–381, 638, 781n
    • 397th, February 26, 1959, 642
    • 398th, March 5, 1959, 394
    • 399th, March 12, 1959, 394
    • 400th, March 26, 1959, 218–219, 644n
    • 401st, April 2, 1959, 401n, 402
    • 402d, April 17, 1959, 414n, 423–437, 813
    • 403d, April 23, 1959, 441, 784n, 813
    • 404th, April 30, 1959, 443–445
    • 405th, May 7, 1959, 446–449
    • 406th, May 13, 1959, 220–221, 450–451, 748, 814n
    • 407th, May 21, 1959, 458–459, 469n, 814n
    • 408th, May 28, 1959, 462n
    • 409th, June 4, 1959, 464n
    • 410th, June 18, 1959, 469–470
    • 412th, July 9, 1959, 471n
    • 413th, July 13, 1959, 472, 645
    • 414th, July 23, 1959, 474
    • 419th, September 17, 1959, 654
    • 420th, October 1, 1959, 488–490
    • 423d, November 5, 1959, 492–493
    • 426th, December 1, 1959, 493
    • 428th, December 10, 1959, 494–495
    • 430th, January 7, 1960, 662–664
    • 432d, January 14, 1960, 501–502
    • 436th, March 10, 1960, 669
    • 438th, March 24, 1960, 508–509
    • 440th, April 7, 1960, 510, 671–673
    • 444th, May 9, 1960, 257–258
    • 446th, May 31, 1960, 675
    • 449th, June 30, 1960, 676–678, 681
    • 451st, July 15, 1960, 260–262
    • 452d, July 21, 1960, 762
    • 453d July 25, 1960, 690–691, 762
    • 457th, August 25, 1960, 696n
    • 459th, 699
    • 460th, September 21, 1960, 275–277
    • Planning Board, 135–136
• Navy, U.S., 244
• Near East, 1, 26, 48, 86, 88, 105–106, 140, 733
  • Arab nationalism, 50, 53–54, 62, 138–142, 164, 190
  • British role in, 19, 35, 55–56, 266, 550–551
    • U.S. position, 2–3, 31, 51, 53–54, 170
  • communism in, 21, 88, 265, 267
  • definition of, 263n, 286n
  • economic situation, 2–3, 23–24, 267–268
  • Iranian position, 103, 120, 550–551, 566
  • neutralization of, 158n, 160–161, 191
  • oil, 64–71, 122, 213–215, 232, 249, 255–256, 286–288, 574, 788–789
  • Pakistani position, 103, 120
  • radio broadcasts, jamming of, 101, 104, 106, 109
  • self-determination, 123–124, 127, 132
  • Soviet policy, 15–16, 18–19, 62, 80, 91–92, 265, 453, 574
  • Soviet role in, 21, 133, 164, 190
    • U.S. position, 150–152, 163–164, 168–169, 192
    • Western acknowledgement of, 13, 15, 29
  • Soviet threat to, 81n, 147–148
    • Baghdad Pact as response to, 282–284
    • U.S. position, 4–5, 28–29, 259, 270, 402
  • U.N. role in, 123, 150, 152, 192
  • U.S. economic aid to, 5, 26, 119–120, 130, 190–191
  • U.S. military aid to, 5, 25–26, 42–45, 59–60, 63–64, 173, 183, 191, 268
  • U.S. policy, 4–5, 18–32, 103, 145–152, 154–158, 187–199, 259–273, 524–530, 554
    • Arab position, 14–15, 18–22
  • U.S. propaganda efforts in, 76, 80–82, 269–270
  • U.S.-British cooperation in, 175–176, 192, 224–226, 233–235, 259, 266, 269, 270–271
• Nehru, Jawaharlal, 155, 514n, 654–655, 670
• Neutralism, 5, 12–13, 29, 135, 164, 180, 190, 264–265
• Newsom, David D., 93n, 158n, 210n, 289n, 292n, 326, 714n, 716n, 717n, 719n, 720, 724n, 725n, 729n, 736n, 745n, 790n, 808n
  • Kuwait, 776, 778n
• Nickerson, Albert L., 214
• Nixon, Richard M., 10–11, 13, 81–82, 84–85, 87, 106, 131–133, 374, 724
  • Baghdad Pact, 205n, 207–208
  • Iraq, 86, 321, 423, 425–430, 432, 435–436, 438, 445, 467, 494–495
• Nkrumah, Kwame, 98, 514n
• Noon, Firoz Khan, 111, 535, 577
• North Africa, 47, 142, 147, 220, 249, 266
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 43–44, 91, 105, 121, 147, 245, 269
  • Ministerial meetings:
    • Paris, December 1958, 360n
    • Washington, April 1959, 411n
  • Turkish position, 227, 634
• Northern Tier. See Baghdad Pact; Iran; Pakistan; Turkey.
• Nuclear energy. See Atomic energy.
• Nuri Said. See Said, Nuri .
• Nussbaum, 657n
• Oasis Oil Company, 278
• Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization (OCDM), 164–165, 172–174, 177, 179–180
  • oil, 193n, 220–221, 249, 275n
• Office of Defense Mobilization (ODM), 7, 65, 66n
• Offshore procurement, 55, 60, 291n, 299
• Oil, 1, 141, 214, 775
  • alternate energy sources, 220–221, 279, 286
  • Arab nationalism, 135, 161–162, 270
  • Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April 1959, 214–215
  • British dependence on, 98, 102, 119
  • British-U.S. consultations, 255–256
  • concessions, foreign:
    • agreements on, 331, 546, 549, 565, 567
    • British, 144–145, 147–148
    • Yemen, 814
  • international cartel antitrust suit, 251–253, 257–258
  • Iran, 130–131, 546, 549, 565, 567, 599, 609
  • Iraq, 80, 511, 521
  • meetings:
    • Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April 1959, 214–215
    • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) conference, Baghdad, September 1960, 274
  • nationalization of, 128, 574, 785–786
  • pipelines, 58, 65, 70–71, 103
  • Soviet threat to, 213n, 257–258, 444
  • transport of, 64–71, 88
  • Western access to, 31, 117, 122, 146–148, 232, 249
  • Western boycott of Iraq, 399–400, 408, 419, 434
  • Western European dependence on, 9, 152, 180, 193–194, 220–221, 259, 266
• Okinawa, 75, 83, 95, 107
• Oman, Inner, 773, 793
• Oman, Sultanate of. See Muscat and Oman.
• Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 186–187, 389–394, 511, 798n, 815, 818
  • Iran, 524–530, 547–548, 561, 590, 593, 596, 663
  • Pakistani-Iranian unification, 561
• Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), 70, 581
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 185, 214–215, 274, 276–280, 279
• Ormsby Gore, David, 233
• Pachachi, Adnan, 379
• Pahlevi, Mohammed Reza, 134, 567, 574, 603, 671, 676
  • Afghanistan, 659, 674
  • assassination plots, 583, 590, 595, 644
  • Baghdad Pact, 229–230, 237, 250, 254
  • economic situation in Iran, 549–552, 680n, 695, 700, 713
  • elections, 696–697
  • Iraq, 311, 504, 522, 577, 583–588, 599, 606, 674, 683
  • Lebanon, 90, 570–572, 577
  • military buildup in Iran, 533–534, 540, 580–581, 610–611, 622–624
  • military situation in Iran, 616n, 634–635
  • oil, 546, 549
  • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 215
  • Pakistani-Iranian unification, 546–547, 551, 561, 568
  • political situation in Iran, 549, 605–608, 664–665, 682–684, 692–699, 712
  • Qarani affair, 537n, 538, 541–542, 548–549, 582
  • reforms, internal, 591–592, 594–601, 606–607, 612
    • land reforms, 669–670, 678
  • Soviet Union, 532, 599, 641–642, 645–649, 654, 657, 691
    • non-aggression pact with Iran, 208, 624–633, 635–638, 643, 650
  • State visits:
    • Japan, June 1958, 534, 545
    • United States, June–July 1958, 535n, 561–575
    • Western Europe, May 1959, 446
  • successors to, possible, 688–690
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 218, 568, 599
  • U.S. contact with Iranian dissidents, 553
  • U.S. economic aid to Iran, 74, 552–553, 615–619
  • U.S. military aid to Iran, 73, 546, 552–553, 575–577, 615–619, 658–663, 666–667, 674–675
    • excessive requests for, 544–545, 562, 649–651
  • U.S. view of, 540, 589–590, 687
  • U.S-Iranian relations, 37–38
• Pakistan (see also Pakistan and Pakistani subheadings under other subjects). 2n, 80, 124, 568, 722
  • Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 121, 205n, 206, 208, 212, 223–224, 229, 236, 633n, 638–640
  • India, relations with, 72, 241, 640
  • Iran, relations with, 568, 594, 602, 608, 630
  • Iran, unification with, 546–547, 551, 568, 593, 609, 613, 685
  • military situation, 37, 668
  • neutralization of, 144, 161
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 660
  • Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 634, 637
  • United States, relations with, 31, 237, 535n, 540
  • U.S. military aid to, 43, 72, 228, 284n, 533, 555, 581, 648
• Palestine issue, 2n, 3–5, 7, 179, 181
  • refugees, 10–11, 13, 16, 19, 28, 41, 102, 133, 181, 193, 203, 504
• Pan-Arabism. See under Arab nationalism.
• Parker, Richard B., 360
• Patterson, John T., 179–180, 405
• Pegov, Nikolai M., 533, 577, 582, 626n, 641, 655, 699
• Persian Gulf (see also Gulf states; Bahrein; Kuwait; Qatar; Trucial States), 83–84, 119, 129–131, 134, 788–789
  • British presence in, 144–145, 147–148, 161, 225, 269
• Persian Gulf States. See Gulf States.
• Persons, Gen. Wilton B., 72, 401n
• Peterson, Avery F., 255n
• Petroleum Development, Oman, Ltd., 793
• Picher, Lt. Gen. Oliver Stanton, 245
• Pineau, Christian, 1
• Poland, 92, 628
• Powell, Richard, 233–235
• Propaganda:
  • Iranian, 568
  • Iraqi, 219, 295, 296n, 297–298, 336–337, 344
  • Soviet, 200, 239–240, 242, 415, 641, 645, 657
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 322, 327, 458, 527, 566
  • U.S. position, 144, 159, 191, 198–199, 571n
• Prud’homme, Hector, 619
• Qadir, Manzur, 241
• Qarani, Gen. Valiollah, 537–539, 541, 542n, 549
• Qassim, Gen. Abdul Karim (see also Qassim government under Iraq), 71, 307, 339–341, 397, 403, 409, 417, 451n, 456–458, 527
  • assassination attempts against, 385, 482, 489–494, 496, 504, 517
  • British view of, 409, 439, 442, 445, 499–500
  • communism, 219, 381–388, 462n, 471–472, 475–478, 481–482, 503, 509–510, 518
  • Iraqi military support for, 440, 519–520
  • Kuwaiti view of, 779, 785
  • leadership failure of, 496–497, 503–505, 507, 511, 517–518, 520, 523
  • political situation in Iraq, 208, 341, 352–353, 486–488
    • licensing of political parties, 501, 503, 507, 510, 518
  • U.A.R.-Iraqi relations, 216–219, 390, 411–412, 426–427, 432, 444, 449, 477
  • U.S. view of, 323–324, 363–364, 380–384, 434, 447–449, 496–499
  • U.S.-Iraqi relations, 318–319, 335n, 357–358, 361–362, 433, 451, 468
• Qatar, 93–95, 774–775
• Qavam, 696
• al-Qazzaz, Sa’id, 306, 487
• Quantico Conference, 225
• Quarles, Donald A., 7–8, 12, 98–99, 178–179, 183, 364
• Queen Soraya, 536, 549
• al-Quitami, Jassim, 779
• Rafiq. See Arif, Lt. Gen. Mohammad Rafiq .
• Rahman, Prince Abdul, 817
• Railroads, 206–207, 209–210, 242, 254, 651n, 656
• Ramsey, Henry C., 788n
• Randall, Clarence B., 16, 276
• Rathbone, Monroe J., 278
• Raymond, Col. John M., 158, 255n
• Reid, Ogden Rogers, 647–649
• Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 42n, 72, 81, 93n, 96n, 98, 238n, 331n, 533n, 579n, 788n, 815
  • Iraq, 217, 301, 320, 325, 329–330
  • Kuwait, 776, 778n
  • Near East, 35, 76
• Reza, Mohammed Ali, 757n, 758, 772
• Rhodes, Ralph, 214
• Richards, James P., 21, 460, 465
• Riddleberger, James W., 816
• al-Rifai, Samir, 204, 219, 312–314, 373, 403
• Robinson, O. Preston, 110
• Rockwell, Stuart W., 2n, 36n, 48n, 59, 158n, 331n, 335n, 339n, 350n, 355n, 399n, 411, 414n, 690, 725n, 729n, 808n
  • Iran, 704n, 708n
  • Iraq, 325, 378–380, 460, 462
  • Kuwait, 776, 780–782
  • Yemen, 796–798
• Rogers, William P., 257–258
• Rountree Committee. See Interagency Group on Iraq under Iraq.
• Rountree, William M., 2n, 42n, 72, 81, 110n, 205n, 220, 300n, 335n, 339n, 355n, 401n, 423n, 451n, 459, 485n, 533n, 570, 575n, 579n, 587n, 601n, 622n, 639n, 714n, 716n, 717n, 724n, 725n, 729n
  • Arab nationalism, 98–99, 210–211
  • Baghdad Pact, 96–97
  • Gulf states, 93–95
  • Iran, 544, 545n, 588–590, 596, 615–619, 626–627, 635–637
    • Qarani affair, 537n, 538, 541n, 542n
  • Iraq, 289–291, 301–302, 325, 331–333, 346–353, 368–371, 378, 456
    • Communist threat to, 354n, 423–433, 435–436, 464–466
    • Interagency Group on, 436–437, 441, 446, 460–463, 466–468, 470, 484
    • United States, relations with, 342–343, 365, 424–425
  • Jordan, 73, 86, 100
  • Kuwait, 83–84, 776, 781
  • Libya, 85
  • Near East, 4–5, 35, 48, 55, 59–60, 63–64, 167–170
    • visit, December 1958, 200–204, 357–359, 361–363, 372–374
  • oil, 66n, 214–215, 788–789
  • Pakistani-Iranian unification, 561
  • Saudi Arabia, 75, 715, 719–720, 722, 736–738, 742, 744n, 790–791
  • Syrian rebel movement, 303
  • Yemen, 796, 798–802
• Rubayi, Maj. Gen. Najib, 309, 335n, 498, 505
• Rucinski, Joseph, 619
• Russell, Richard, 333
• Saad, Zaki, 721, 747, 772
• Sabbagh, Pao Isa, 768
• al-Said, Nuri, 20, 33, 35, 292, 300, 301–302, 311, 327, 513
  • Arab nationalism, 50, 153
  • murder, 71, 218, 307, 310, 315n, 319, 346
  • political situation in Iraq, 294–295, 297, 306, 547
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 34, 36
• Salaa, Saeb, 201
• Saleh, Alayar, 692, 697
• Salem, Elie A., 110n
• al-Salim, Sabah, 781
• al-Samarra’i, Fa’iq, 353, 380
• Samii, Cyrus, 712n
• Sandys, Duncan, 224–226, 233
• Sanger, Richard H., 353n
• Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz, 77, 98–99, 108, 720–721, 726–728, 736, 749–750, 763–765, 773
  • Conflict with Prince Faisal, 745–748, 750, 757–760, 767
  • Iraq, 310, 413–414, 416, 733
  • political situation in Saudi Arabia, 102, 125, 137–139, 195, 769–773
  • Serraj plot, 46, 49, 53, 572, 714–719, 726
  • State visits:
    • Cairo, August–September 1959, 749
    • Washington, January–February 1957, 572
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 730, 734
  • U.S. view of, 20, 568, 572
  • U.S.-Saudi relations, 29–30, 745–746, 760, 769, 773
• Saudi Arabia (see also Saudi Arabia and Saudi subheadings under other subjects), 29, 108, 195, 276, 733, 744, 753, 751, 799
  • Agreements with the United States, 742, 755, 817
    • Dhahran airfield agreements, 30, 165, 173–174, 259–260, 727, 741, 754–756, 766, 768–769
  • Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 87, 90, 117
  • Buraimi dispute, 30–31, 52, 54, 269, 720–722, 725, 727, 738, 773
  • coup plots, 762–765
  • economic situation, 720–721, 736, 739–740, 749–750, 772–773
  • foreign policy, 727–728, 760–761, 773
  • Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 720, 722–723, 725, 728
  • Iraq, relations with, 407, 527
  • Israel, relations with, 316, 728, 760
  • Khor al Udaid dispute, 737–738
  • neutralism, 144, 728
  • oil, 157, 213, 251–252, 727, 729, 749–754, 756–757, 761, 773
  • Omani rebels, aid to, 790–791
  • political situation, 88, 102, 110, 125, 721, 726–729, 735, 760
    • Conflict between King and Crown Prince, 745–748, 750, 757–760, 767
  • Serraj plot, 46–47, 49–50, 53, 572, 714–719, 726
  • United Arab Republic, relations with, 88, 125, 311, 370, 714–719, 724, 749, 773
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 30–31, 196, 736–738, 760, 794–795
  • United States, relations with, 9, 75, 77, 195
  • U.S. economic aid to, 720–721, 745–747, 751, 755
  • U.S. military aid to, 22, 30, 195–196, 739–740, 742–745, 754–756, 768n
    • Military Assistance Program (MAP), 742, 755
  • U.S. military intervention in, 94–95
  • U.S. position, 29–30, 165, 271, 568, 759–761
• Saudi Arabian Airlines, 768
• Savak (Sazeman-e Ettela’at va Amniyat-e Keshvar), 461, 670, 694
• Sayigh, Da’ud, 518
• Schmidt, Dana Adams, 468
• Schwartz, Harry H., 688n
• Schwinn, Walter K., 764
• Scribner, Fred C., Jr., 17, 449, 593–594, 681
• SEATO. See Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
• Seaton, Fred A., 180
• Sedgwick, Charles, 657
• Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 237, 333, 640
• Serraj, Maj., 719, 729n
• Service, Richard M., 645n
• Shah of Iran. See Pahlevi, Mohammed Reza.
• Shanshal, Siddiz, 319n, 327n, 335n, 337, 378n, 380
• Sharif-Emami, Jafer, 698, 704–705
• Shatta, Ahmad, 772
• Shaw, John F., 66, 746n
• Sheibani, Talaat, 379
• Shell Oil Company, 256–257, 279, 285, 373
• Shiloah, Reuven, 316
• Sidi Mohammed ben Mulai Youssef, 353n
• Sino-Soviet Bloc (see also China, People’s Republic of; Soviet Union), 265, 557
• Sisco, Joseph J., 645n
• Skofield, Herman T., 410n
• Smith, Bromley, 389n, 524n
• Smith, Gerard C., 42n, 136, 167n, 248, 325n, 401n, 423n, 587–588, 788–789
• Smith, James H., Jr., 58, 59n, 543n, 800–802
• Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, 757
• Soraya, Queen, 536, 549
• South Asia, 284
• Southeast Asia, 657n
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 43n, 97, 105, 121, 227, 294n, 634
  • Council meeting, Manila, March 1958, 294n
• Soviet bloc (see also Soviet Union), 177
  • “volunteers,” 88, 91–92
• Soviet Union (see also Soviet Union and Soviet subheadings under other subjects), 10, 92, 117–118, 278, 185, 187, 370, 509, 536, 657
• Spain, 407, 444
• Special National Intelligence Estimates (see also National Intelligence Estimates):
  • SNIE 30–58, 40–42
  • SNIE 30–1–58, 726–728, 734n
  • SNIE 30–2–58, 87–93, 125
  • SNIE 30–3–58, 138–142, 146n, 167, 175, 182, 187
  • SNIE 30–4–58, 173, 175, 182, 187
  • SNIE 30–5–58, 782–783
  • SNIE 34–58, 586–588, 591, 595–598, 601, 604, 643n
  • SNIE 36.2–59, 381–388, 439, 453n, 471n, 632–635
  • SNIE 36.2–2–59, 442–443, 453n
  • SNIE 36.2–3–59, 453–455, 457
  • SNIE 36.2–4–59, 481–484, 488
  • SNIE 36.2–5–59, 496–499
  • SNIE 36.2/1–59, 439–440, 453n, 471n
  • SNIE 36.2/2–59, 471, 481
  • SNIE 36.6–58, 734–735
  • SNIE 36.8–58, 806–807
  • SNIE 36.8–59, 813
  • SNIE 71–58, 139n
• Spielman, Henry J., 704n
• Spinelli Mission, 468
• Sprague, Mansfield D., 59–60, 63–64, 72, 339n, 545, 593–594
• Staats, Elmer B., 681
• Stalin, Joseph, 79
• Standard Oil Company of Indiana, 213, 331, 546n, 549, 565, 567
• Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, 213, 257, 277–280, 757n, 797, 809
• Stans, Maurice, 180, 183–184, 680n
• Stiles, Col. William A., 467
• Stoltzfus, William A., Jr., 724n, 725, 729
• Stookey, Robert W., 790n, 792n
• Strategic Air Command (SAC), 107, 766
• Strategic resources, stockpiling of, 68
• Strauss, Adm. Lewis L., 11
• Sudan (see also Sudan and Sudanese subheadings under other subjects), 21–22, 24, 50, 81–82, 84, 106, 110, 131, 142, 249, 260–262
  • Arab nationalism, 139, 147, 149, 189, 211
  • British position, 84–85, 198, 217
  • Iraq, relations with, 407, 416
  • Israel, relations with, 316, 648
  • political situation, 47, 50, 88, 91, 103, 125, 763
  • United Arab Republic, relations with, 29, 49, 52, 88, 99, 197
  • U.S. policy, 31, 197
  • U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225, 234
  • water issues, 31, 132, 197
• Suez Canal, 66–67, 777
  • crisis of 1956, 19, 22, 54, 141, 146, 219, 266, 321, 522, 774
  • Danish ship crisis, 468–469
  • Israeli use of, 27–28, 194
• Suez Canal Company, 141
• Sukarno, 514n
• Sultan of Muscat, 722, 794–795
• Surpluses. See Agricultural surpluses.
• Suwayyil, Ibrahim, 772
• Swihart, James W., 645n, 790n
• Symmes, Harrison M., 167n, 200, 361, 456n, 460, 464n, 466, 780
• Syria (see also United Arab Republic; Syria and Syrian subheadings under other entries), 2n, 3, 21–22, 24, 201, 420, 763
  • Iraq, effect of Communist control of, 415, 430, 453
  • Iraq, relations with, 29, 58, 140, 178, 352
  • Jordan, relations with, 29, 137
  • Soviet military aid to, 55, 289
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 22, 29
  • Turkish military intervention in, 88, 90, 577
  • United States, relations with, 195, 271
  • U.S. position, 2n, 29, 724n, 725
• Tabaqchali, Brig., 481, 497
• Talabani, Hussein, 379
• Talal, Prince, 770–771
• Talhuni, Bahjat, 312–313
• Talib, Naji, 378
• Tapline, 756–757
• Tariki, Abdullah, 750–754, 756–757, 761, 770, 772–773
• Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 39, 47, 602–603
• Taylor, Maurice F.W., 680
• Terrill, Robert P., 816–818
• Thacher, Nicholas G., 248, 259n, 496n, 765n
• Thompson, Llewellyn, 219
• Tibet, 404–405
• Treasury, U.S. Department of, 13, 151, 163–165, 221, 275n, 679n
• Trevelyan, Sir Hugh, 406, 424, 439
• Tripartite Declaration, 1950, 19, 51, 53
• Trucial Coast, 213, 774
• Tubaishi, Abdullah, 413–414, 714, 716–717
• Tunisia, 52, 54, 110, 149, 189, 211, 275
  • Iraq, relations with, 334, 407, 527
  • Jews, treatment of, 10–11
  • United Arab Republic, relations with, 352
  • U.S. economic and military aid to, 57, 81, 130
• Turkey (see also Turkey and Turkish subheadings under other subjects), 2n, 37, 75, 499, 568, 685
  • Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 121, 205n, 206, 208, 212, 223–224, 229, 236, 633n, 638–639
  • Iran, relations with, 602, 608, 630
  • Iraq, relations with, 480, 507, 522, 528
  • Israel, relations with, 155, 648
  • neutralization of, 144, 161
  • political situation, 208, 254, 522, 528, 696n
    • Coup d’état, 675, 677, 683
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 691
  • Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 634, 637
  • Turkish-Iranian railroad, 206–207, 209–210, 242, 254, 651n, 656
  • United States, relations with, 31–33, 443–444, 457, 459, 660
  • U.S. economic and military aid to, 43–45, 72, 74, 77, 81–82, 579
    • Iranian position, 533, 648
• Turkomans, 473–474
• Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 63, 72, 74, 81, 86, 98–99, 155, 531, 591
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 7, 12, 178–179, 181, 184–185
  • Iraq, 325, 430, 445
  • Kuwait, 776, 778n
  • Lebanon, 85, 107
  • Near East, 134, 171, 176, 183
  • Saudi Arabia, 75, 83
• United Arab Republic (UAR) (see also Egypt; Syria; Yemen; United Arab Republic and UAR subheadings under other subjects), 75, 130–131, 134, 144, 161, 733
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 88, 194, 468–469
  • Aswan Dam, 132, 202, 375
  • communism, 373, 375, 628
  • formation of, 38, 49, 53, 141
    • Iraqi position, 34, 36, 40
    • Soviet position, 33, 36, 39–40
    • U.S. position, 33–34, 36, 38–42, 61–63, 264
  • Iran, relations with, 634, 701
  • Iranian position, 568, 571–572, 575
  • Iraq, relations with, 29, 82, 120n, 127, 140, 157, 216–218, 296–297, 303–304, 390, 403, 480, 527
    • dispute, 296n, 322, 351, 408, 418, 421, 458–459, 785
      • British position, 387, 411–413
    • Iraqi exiles, 517, 523, 527
    • mutual defense agreement with, 329, 332
  • Iraqi membership in, 93, 137, 325, 332, 369, 423, 438
    • Iraqi position, 176, 338, 341–343, 347
    • U.S. position, 363–364, 433
  • Jordan, relations with, 296n, 311, 468–469
  • Jordanian membership in, 36, 310
  • Kuwait, relations with, 88, 125, 370, 782
  • Kuwaiti membership in, 83, 108, 302, 776–777, 779, 785
  • Lebanese membership in, 36, 305–306, 729n
  • Lebanon, relations with, 124, 216, 303, 311
  • Oil policy, 215, 276
  • political situation, 230n, 231–232
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 88, 125, 311, 370, 714–719, 724, 749, 773
  • Saudi position, 34, 36, 438
  • Soviet economic and military aid to, 265, 375, 568
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 91–92, 110, 133, 177, 195, 202, 773
  • Sudan, relations with, 29, 49, 52, 88, 99, 197
  • Syrian membership in, 129–130, 137, 176, 178, 232
    • Iraqi position, 294, 504, 523
  • Turkish position, 3, 39, 438
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 450, 737–738, 804
  • United States, relations with, 110, 115, 127–129, 151, 163–165, 169, 176–177, 182, 195
  • U.S. economic aid to, 119–120
  • U.S. position, 51–53, 249, 271
  • U.S. trade with, 404–405
  • water issues, 31, 132, 197
  • Yemeni membership in, 352, 796–799
• United Arab States (see also United Arab Republic), 61, 142, 798n, 801, 803–804
• United Jewish Appeal, 20
• United Kingdom, 64–71, 75, 259, 287
  • Buraimi dispute, 721–722, 725, 727, 738, 773
  • Tripartite Declaration, 1950, 19
• United Nations Charter, Article 5, 313
• United Nations (UN), 32, 92, 268, 270
  • Arab-Israeli Armistice Agreements, 1949, 27, 193
  • Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 463
  • Emergency Force (UNEF), U.S. position, 5, 12, 27, 193, 195
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 408
  • General Assembly, 157, 379
    • 13th Session, 342n
    • 14th Session, 479–480
    • 15th Session, 512–516, 791, 794–795
    • Special Political Committee, 794n
  • head of governments meeting, Soviet proposal for, 86–87
  • International Labor Organization (ILO), 379, 527
  • Iran, 614, 646–647
  • Palestine resolution, November 1947, 179, 181
  • Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), 28, 194
  • Security Council, 20, 76, 82, 92, 101
  • Truce Supervisory Organization (UNTSO), 5, 12, 27, 193
  • U.N. Presence Mission, 468
• United States Information Agency (USIA), 82, 298, 410, 436, 463, 469, 508, 603
• United States Information Service (USIS), 344, 392, 507, 525–526
• United States Naval Academy, 546
• Van Fleet, Gen. James A., 569
• Venezuela, 66, 214, 215n, 275, 276, 278, 285
• Vietnam, Republic of, 43n
• Voice of America (VOA), 73, 298, 408
• Waggoner, Edward L., 55n, 300n, 303n
• Wahl, Theodore A., 346
• Wailes, Edward T., 576–578, 582, 616n, 679, 680n, 690–691
  • Baghdad Pact, 249–250, 624n
  • political situation in Iran, 583–584, 588n, 595–596, 692–695
  • Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 626, 629, 635–637
  • U.S. economic and military aid to Iran, 615, 617–618, 650, 651–652, 674, 701
• Wallner, Woodruff, 794
• Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 4n
• Warren, Fletcher, 205n, 206n, 208, 228n, 243, 303
• Water issues:
  • Helmand River, 254, 608, 656, 659, 685
  • Indus River, 237
  • Iran-Iraq, 528
  • Jordan River, 27–28, 58, 193, 195
  • Nile River, 31, 132, 197
  • Yarmouk River, 58
• Waugh, Samuel C., 543–544
• Weeks, Sinclair, 80
• Weir, Michael, 790n
• Weiss, Seymour, 739
• Welch, Leo, 277–280
• West Africa, 220
• Western Aden Protectorate, 808n
• Western Europe, oil dependence, 9, 152, 180, 193–194, 220–221, 259, 266
• Wheat, 203, 521, 703, 809, 814
• Wheelock, S.P., 619n
• White, Gen. Thomas D., 244, 246–248, 254
• White, Ivan B., 255n
• Whitehouse, Charles S., 205n
• Whitney, John Hay, 217, 233
• Wilcox, Francis O., 167n, 326, 645n, 776
• Wilkins, Fraser, 537–539, 582n
• Wilkinson, H., 285
• Williams, F. Hayden, 460, 462–463, 766
• Williams, Raymond S., Jr., 251n
• Wilson, Evan M., 507–508
• Wilt, Edward J., II, 688n
• Winter, Harvey J., 255n
• Wisner, Frank, 304–306, 330, 544
• World Bank. See International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
• World Court. See International Court of Justice (ICJ).
• World Federation of Trade Unions, 526–527
• World War II, 225n
• World War III, 121, 567, 656
• Wright, M.A., 277
• Wright, Sir Michael, 356–357
• Wright, Thomas K., 312–314, 328
• Yassin, Yusuf, 727
• Yatsevich, Col. Gratian, 624
• Yemen (see also United Arab Republic; Yemen and Yemeni subheadings under other entries), 21, 30, 273, 425, 806
  • Aden border dispute, 31, 192, 269, 800–801
  • British-U.A.R. relations in, 804
  • Chinese People’s Republic economic aid to, 796n, 801, 809, 811n, 814, 817, 819
  • Egyptian-Saudi-Yemeni pact, 1955, 799
  • Free Yemeni movement, 813
  • Saudi position, 725n, 729n
  • Sino-Soviet policy, 816–818
  • Soviet economic and military aid to, 16, 265, 796, 800–801, 809, 814, 817, 819
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 802, 804, 807, 812–813
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 31, 185, 192, 197, 273, 797–798, 808–810
  • U.S. consulate, opening of, 730, 792, 808
  • U.S. economic aid to, 119, 730, 799–802, 808–810, 815–816, 818–819
  • U.S. policy, 13, 31, 185, 197, 273, 725
  • U.S.-U.A.R cooperation in, 803–805, 809, 811–812
• Yemen Development Corporation, 808
• Yost, Charles W., 714n
• Yugoslavia, 311, 407, 628, 810
• Zahedi, Fazlollah, 697
• Zeid, Amir, 329
• Zionism, 10, 19
• Zorlu, Fatin Rustu, 78, 111, 223, 254, 403, 424, 461–462