Index

• Afghanistan, 196, 197, 601
• Aggression by Japan:
  • Chinese resistance (see also Chiang Kai-shek):
    • Conservation of Chinese forces to repel, 104–105
    • Cooperation of ABCD powers, 429–430
    • Dependence by United Nations on Chinese efforts, 99, 101, 107–108, 110, 113, 117, 119, 122, 123, 135, 143–145
    • Effect on Japanese strategy, 78–82
    • Estimate of Chinese efforts, 207, 208, 224–225, 263; of Communist efforts, 208
    • Fifth anniversary of, statement by Communist Party publication, 240–241; by President Roosevelt, 97–98; by Secretary of State Hull, 94, 103, 104
    • Government deficit during first five years, 545–546
    • Probable effects of a Chinese collapse:
      • Benefits to Japan, 143–145; to United Nations, 77–78
      • General, 74–82
      • Political unity of China, 270
    • Weakening of, 148–149
  • Imminence of aggression against countries other than China, 42, 50, 69, 70, 82–85, 99, 101, 115, 117, 147, 153, 180–182, 187–188, 190, 199, 208, 245, 602
• Agrarian reform in China: Communist statement on, 240; credits for implementing, 427–428, 469–470, 513; resolution by Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, 427
• Agreements. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Agricultural production of China, prospects for 1942, 531–532
• Alexander, Gen. Sir Harold, 4, 9–10, 35
• American Red Cross, 588–590
• American Volunteer Group, 26, 27, 65, 93, 120, 578, 579
• Amoy International Settlement, transfer of administration and control to Chinese Government, 284–285, 290, 299, 314, 318, 322–323, 326–327, 330, 333–335, 337–339, 342, 346, 352–353, 359, 361, 365, 370–371, 375, 379, 382, 392–393, 403–404
• Antimony, U. S. arrangements to obtain from China. See Strategic materials
• Armaments, international control of 186
• Army officers, Chinese: Attitude toward subordinates, 15; corruption among, comment, 210; German influence among, 209
• Arsenal materials, acute need for in China, 583, 585
• Asia, declaration by Chiang Kai-shek repudiating idea of “leadership of Asia,” 258–259
• Asiatic nations, effect of spread of war on, 2–3
• Assam, 38, 40–41, 577, 581
• Assets of China in United States, unfreezing of, 499, 511, 527–528, 532, 537–539, 557–558
• Atlantic Charter: Inclusion of reference to in Lend-Lease agreement with China, 567–568, 570; interpretation by China of world-wide application of, 3, 162, 165, 738, 747, 765–766
• Australia, imminence of Japanese aggression against, 153
• Aviation (see also Military assistance to China: Air forces):
  • Air freight service to China for strategic materials: Aircraft maintenance supplies, 140; craft in operation, number of, 586; for delivery to China, 49–54, 56–62, 64–67, 85; for delivery to United States, 642, 644, 647–649, 651–652, 654–659, 661–672; effect of Axis successes, 89, 92, 95–96; for lend-lease supplies, 576–577, 581, 584–588; need for maintaining, 128, 132, 149; proposed routes for shipment of supplies to China, 593, 595–601, 604; tonnage capacities, estimates of, 586–588; within China, 673–679
  • Air operations against Japan, 124–125
  • Airfields in Assam, use in lend-lease operations, 577, 581; in China, effects of loss of, 91–92, 113, 139–140, 202
  • Chinese Air Transport Priority Board, 588
  • Commercial aviation: Air service between India and China, proposed use in transporting lend-lease supplies, 38, 40; American-owned companies, proposals for placing under military control, 673–679
  • Planes for Chinese internal transport, requests for, 673–679
• Axis Powers, Chinese declaration of war on, 25
• Bacteriological warfare, charged to Japanese military forces, 30–31, 34
• Bankers, influence on Chinese Government, 525
• Banking activities, regulation by Chinese Government, 516–517, 525–526
• Beaverbrook, Lord, 210
• Belgium, preliminary treaty of amity and commerce with China, 1928, 343
• “Big Four”: Resentment by China at exclusion from conferences of, 85; viewed as guardians of world peace, 186
• Black markets. See Financial situation in China: Currency black markets.
• “Blue Shirts”, 222
• Board of Economic Warfare, U.S., role in technical assistance to China, 718–719
• Bond issue. See Loans and credits to China: Domestic bond issue.
• Books and periodicals from United States, role in cultural relations program for China, 28, 699, 701, 704, 708–709, 720, 726–727
• Border areas of China, development of, 256, 260
• Boundary revisions, 103, 174
• Boxer Protocol (1901), 284, 290, 298, 316, 319, 338, 349
• Brazil, position concerning relinquishment of extraterritorial rights in China, 341
• British Parliamentary Goodwill Mission to China, 154–155
• Browder, Earl, 244, 248–251
• Burma:
  • British delay of lend-lease cargoes in, 2–3, 573–576
  • Chinese determination to defend, 39
  • Chinese reinforcements for, offer of, 5–7, 21
  • Civil government in, collapse of, 36–38, 40–41
  • Imminence of attack on China from, 180–182, 187–188, 190, 197
  • Liberation of: Attitude of China toward, 129; effect on economic situation in China, 546–547; plans for, 120, 121, 123, 126–132, 144, 166–167, 173–174; plans for, British reaction, 93, 127, 129; reluctance of Chinese to participate in, 100
  • Loss of: Attributed to British military forces, 42, 47, 56, 57; effect on Chinese morale, 42–58, 64–67, 92
  • Military importance to China, 166–167
  • Postwar status, Chinese interest in, 127, 730–748 passim
  • Problems in United Nations cooperation, 29
  • Seizure of government by Chinese, reports of, 37
• Burma campaign, 183–185, 187, 197–198
• Burma Road: Advantages to enemy of control of, 190; enemy advances on, 42–43, 52–58, 64–68; use of in lend-lease program, 5; plans for reopening, 126–131
• Burma–Thailand border, Japanese concentration on, 6
• Canada, efforts of Chinese Government to support its nationals in, 747
• Cargoes, lend-lease, delays in unloading, 7, 13
• Carney, Boatner Rayner, convicted of manslaughter, 287
• “C–C clique” in Chinese Government, 193, 198, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 226, 253, 584
• Censorship (see also Freedom of the press; Propaganda): Application in United States, 189; Chinese attempts to influence, 158, 168–171; Chinese protests at British lack of, 167–168; code of wartime practices for American press, 189; control of press by Chinese Government, 158, 167–168, 170, 200–201, 203–205, 228; organizations, control of by Chinese Government, 252–253; OWI functions in, 169–170, 189
• Central Bank of China, gold purchases to liquidate debt of, 527–528, 532, 537–538, 550–551
• Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang: Manifesto of tenth plenary session, 260–267; powers of, 234–235; report on beginning of annual session, 254–255; resolution on land policy, 427
• Central Government of China. See Chinese Government.
• Chekiang-Kiangsi campaign, Chinese reaction to Japanese successes, 86–87, 91–92, 102–105, 118, 140–141, 146, 148, 208
• Chekiang–Kiangsi railway, 82
• Chennault, Maj. Gen. Claire L., 26, 93, 122, 128, 139, 150, 156
• Chiang Kai-shek:
  • Address to military forces, 119
  • Appointment as supreme commander in China, 26
  • Attitude toward U. S. Ambassador, rumor concerning, 182
  • Conversations on military situation, 105–106, 109–114, 429
  • Leadership of China in Asia, statement on, 258–259
  • Message on fifth anniversary of Chinese resistance to Japanese aggression, 103–104
  • Political background, 135–136
  • Political leadership, evaluation of, 212–214, 224, 225
  • Proposal for joint military council at Chungking, 11
  • Retirement from government, improbability of, 43, 107–109
  • Role in preserving Chinese unity, 16, 18–22, 24–25, 41, 43, 73, 135–136, 151, 247, 270
  • Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
    • Exchange of views regarding postwar political regimes in Asia, 185–187; regarding situation in India, 761
    • Message of appreciation from Chiang for U. S. action toward relinquishment of extraterritorial rights, 311; Roosevelt’s reply, 317
    • Proposal by Chiang of General Stilwell as commander in Burma, and Roosevelt’s reply, 29
• China–Burma–India Theater:
  • Air support for. See Military assistance: Air forces.
  • Axis successes in Middle East, effect on, 95–96
  • Burma: Estimate of enemy strength in, 184–185; loss of attributed to failure of British military cooperation, 42, 47, 56, 57; plans for liberating, 121, 123, 126–132, 144, 173–174; reluctance of Chinese to participate in operations, 100
  • Burma campaign, concentration of supplies for, 183–184, 187
  • Burma Road: Advantages to Japan in control of, 190; Japanese advances on, 42–43, 52–58, 64–68
  • Chekiang-Kiangsi campaign, 86–87, 91–92, 102–105, 118, 140–141, 146, 148, 208
  • Effect on war of a collapse of organized Chinese resistance, 74–82
  • Extent of Japanese gains in, 38, 40–41
  • Foreign troops, need for in offensive operations, 15, 18–22
  • Japanese plans, estimates of, 66
  • Joint staff for, proposals, 11
  • Kunming, enemy penetration toward, 42–43, 47–58, 64–68, 181
  • Logistical problems connected with operations, 130
  • Military situation: Chiang-Stilwell exchange of views on, 105–106, 109–114; divergence in opinions as to conduct of operations, 120; effect on consideration of credits to China, 442–443: estimate by Chou En-lai, 98–102, 197–199; logistical problems in connection with, 130; observations of Ambassador Gauss and of Assistant Lend-Lease Administrator, 38, 40–41, 93; reappraisal of situation, 129–131, 144–145; strength of enemy forces, estimates of, 26; summary of events to March 1942, 25–26; supreme commander, proposals for, 1–2, 25–26; views of Communists and of Kuomintang officials, 98–102, 197–199; Yunnan, enemy thrusts into, 42–43, 47–48, 50–58, 64–68, 113, 120, 173, 180–185, 187–188, 190
• China National Aviation Corp., 58–60, 150, 581, 673–679
• Chinese-American Institute of Cultural Relations, role in cultural relations program for China, 708–710, 726–727
• Chinese assets in United States, freeing of, 499, 511, 527–528, 532, 537–539, 557–558
• Chinese Communists (see also Kuomintang-Communist relations):
  • Aid from Soviet Union, 237–243, 245–246
  • Benefits derived from failures of the Kuomintang, 266
  • Communist Party publication, editorial, 240–241
  • Dissension among, rumors of, 232, 233
  • Effort in war against Japan, estimate of, 208
  • Invitation for U. S. Government representatives to visit Communist-controlled areas, 227
  • Military forces: Alleged attack on Nationalists, 246–247; alleged U. S. advice on use of Nationalist troops against 244, 248–251; blockade of, by Nationalists, 121, 199, 229, 266; estimates of strength of, 207–208; expectation of attack by Nationalists, 99–102, 108–109, 116; military aid to, 69, 208; offered for Burma campaign, 102; proposed integration with Nationalist forces, 232–236, 240–241, 246–247; use in war against Japan, 69
  • Participation in national affairs, question of, 232–240, 246–247
  • Plea for “United Front,” 229
  • Political point of view, 206–207
  • Postwar aims, 228–229
  • Propaganda activities against, 200–201
  • Skepticism regarding seriousness of menace from, 244
• Chinese Expeditionary Force Training Center, 183, 184
• Chinese Government (see also Chiang Kai-shek; Kuomintang; and subject headings):
  • Burma, attitude on liberation of, 129
  • “C–C” clique, 193, 198, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 226, 253, 584
  • Chinese Ambassador to United States, recall of, 132–139, 157
  • Chinese Volunteer Corps in Hawaii, request for formation of, 728–729
  • Complacency in, charges of, 16–17, 20–22
  • Declaration of war on Axis powers, 25
  • Defeat of Japan primary consideration to, 35, 54–55, 84–85
  • Defensive policy in Pacific, attitude toward, 8–10, 16, 19–22, 54–55, 84–85
  • Economic situation, efforts to relieve, 524–526
  • Effect on of a Japanese attack on Soviet Union, 99–101
  • Importance of Chinese effort to United Nations, 592, 599–600, 602–603
  • India: Concern over, 141; support of independence for, 100, 134
  • Influence of bankers and landlords on, 525
  • Internal problems, concern over, 100
  • Korean independence and future status of, attitude toward, 70, 762
  • Liaison with, policy of U. S. State Department, 179–180
  • Military forces:
    • Accomplishments of, analysis by military mission, 13–16, 18–22, 24–25
    • Attitude of officers toward subordinates, 15
    • British instructors for Air Force, 171
    • Burma, Chinese offer of reinforcements for, 5, 6, 7, 21, 39
    • Communists, relations with, 99, 101, 232–234, 235–236, 240–241, 244, 246–247, 248–251
    • Condition of, estimated, 262–263
    • Consideration of proposals for employment in Indochina, 8, 749–760
    • Contribution to war effort, 78–79, 104–106, 121, 207–208
    • Effect of resistance of Japanese strategy, 78–79
    • Estimates of strength, 72, 184
    • Fifth anniversary of resistance to Japanese aggression: Address by Chiang Kai-shek, 119; message from President Roosevelt, 97–98
    • Foreign commander, question of, 124
    • Loyalty and morale among, 102–103, 108, 120–121
    • “Magnetic strategy”, 87
    • Military equipment, warning on misuse of, 115–116
    • Propaganda reports praising efforts by, 148–149
    • Reduction in size and improvement in quality, agitation for, 254–255
    • Training centers for, 126–127, 174, 183–184
    • United Nations, relations with Chinese Government in connection with military forces, 16–17, 20–22, 27, 33–34, 41, 100–101, 102, 106, 149
  • Military outlook in early 1942, 42–43, 47–48, 50–55, 68–69; for 1943, 188
  • Military supplies, inventorying and control of, 512
  • Nazis, attitude toward, 208–209
  • Officials: Changes in, 191–192, 198–199, 254–255, 258; evaluation of personalities, 191–192, 198–199, 210–226; leadership of Chiang among, 212–214, 224–225; reduction in status of officials of Salt Administration, 495–496, 504–505; views regarding Soviet Union, 141, 240
  • Organization, structure of, 72
  • Participation in Pacific Council, 16
  • Peace overtures by, indications of, 99–101, 103–112, 114, 117, 120, 136–137, 143
  • Reaction to early United Nations defeats, 4–5, 27; to idea of primary emphasis on defeat of Germany, 4, 35, 54, 55
  • Retirement of Chiang from, improbability of, 107–109
  • Roosevelt assurance of support, 44–45, 50, 52, 80, 89, 95–98, 138–139, 576
  • Thailand, expression of policy toward, 37–38, 39–40
  • Tibetan autonomy, attitude toward, 626–631
  • Treaties, conventions, etc.:
    • Boxer Protocol (1901), 284, 290, 298, 316, 319, 338, 349
    • Convention with Great Britain relative to Burma (1894), 368, 396, 405–406; relative to Hong Kong Territory (1898), 369, 403
    • Extraterritorial rights of other powers in China, treaties for relinquishment of. See Extraterritorial rights.
    • Lend-Lease agreement with United States, June 2. See Lend-Lease agreement.
    • Loan agreement with United States, Mar. 21. See under Loans and credits: U. S. credit of $500,000,000.
    • Preliminary treaties of amity and commerce with Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, and Italy (1928), 342–343, 352
    • Treaties of amity with Iran and Iraq, 193, 196
  • U. S. troops in India, demand for use of, 110–112
  • Value to United Nations as cobelligerent, 113
  • War aims, 129, 174
  • War potential, estimates of, 71–82
• Chinese Industrial Cooperatives, 252–253
• Chinese Maritime Customs: Administration of, 368, 373, 411; administrative integrity of, U. S. interest in maintaining, 680–682; employment of foreign national as Inspector General, 368, 373, 411
• Chinese military mission in United States, difficulties of liaison with, 175–179
• Chinese Moslem National Salvation Confederation, conference of, 194–196
• Chinese nationals in foreign countries. See Overseas Chinese.
• Chinese Political Board, 205–206
• Chinese Political Science Association, address by Wang Chung-hui before, 743–744
• Chinese Salt Administration, foreign officials, reduction in status of, 495–496, 504–505
• Chinese Stabilization Board: Functions and operations, 498–499, 507, 511–512, 514, 519, 539, 543, 553; role in administration of loans to China, 420, 433, 461, 462, 464–466; selection of an American member following death of A. Manuel Fox, 526–527, 528–529, 532, 535, 538, 540
• Chinese Stabilization Fund. See Loans and credits: Stabilization arrangement.
• Chinese Volunteer Corps in Hawaii, unwillingness of United States to grant Chinese request for formation of, 728–729
• Chou En-lai, 98–102, 197–199, 208, 226–227, 242, 246–247, 265
• Churchill, Winston, 1, 16, 85, 141
• Civil rights of foreign nationals in China, 285, 289–290, 367, 388, 411
• Coastal navigation, safeguarding rights of foreign nationals in China, 300, 315, 318–321, 323–327, 330–331, 334–343, 346–347, 349–350, 353–361, 365–368, 370–375, 377, 379–402, 404–410
• Code of Wartime Practices for the American press, 189
• Commercial aviation: Air service between India and China, proposed use in transporting lend-lease supplies, 38, 40; American-owned companies, proposals for placing under military control, 673–679
• Commercial rights. See Extraterritorial rights: Subjects under consideration: Commercial interests.
• Communist Border Region government, 200
• Communists. See Chinese Communists.
• Competition among foreign countries for strategic materials from China, 633, 637, 639, 642–643, 645–649, 651–654, 656–662, 664–672
• Complacency of Chinese Government, charges of, 16–17, 20–22
• Compromise settlements in Asia. See Peace overtures.
• Conference of Moslems in China, 194–196
• Conscription laws of China, 254, 508, 509–510
• Consular officers. See Diplomatic and consular representation in China.
• Contractual rights of foreign nationals in China, 285, 290
• Conventions. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Conversion transactions, improper, in connection with Chinese domestic bond issue, 544–545, 548–550, 558–561
• Courts, Chinese. See Extraterritorial rights: Subjects under consideration: Special courts.
• Credits. See Loans and credits to China.
• Cripps, Sir Stafford, mission to China, 38, 40
• Crop failure in Honan, 253
• Cultural relations program of State Department to provide technical assistance to China. See Technical assistance.
• Currency. See Exchange rates and Inflation problem.
• Currie, Lauchlin, mission to China, 62–63, 94–96, 114, 118, 120, 123–124, 159
• Customs. See Chinese Maritime Customs.
• Declaration by United Nations, Jan. l, 38, 65–66
• Declaration of war by China on Axis powers, 25
• Defeatism in China. See War-weariness.
• Defensive policy in Pacific: Chinese attitude toward, 8–10, 16, 19–22, 54–55, 84–85; Chinese charges of against United Nations, 102, 106, 119, 132, 135
• Democracy, progress toward in China, 251–252, 258–259
• Denmark, preliminary treaty of amity and commerce with China, 1928, 343
• Diplomatic and consular representation in China (see also under Extraterritorial rights: Subjects under consideration), opening of new posts by United States, 683–696
  • Areas within which established, 684–687, 691–695
  • Nature of representation, 686–690, 694–695
  • Purpose, 682–683, 687–688, 694–696
• Diplomatic missions, Chinese, to Moslem states, 196
• Diplomatic Quarter of Peiping, 299, 322, 352
• Dutch East Indies. See Netherlands East Indies.
• Eastern Asia, military situation, 40–41
• Economic assistance to China: Postwar plans, 257; proposal to supply goods rather than funds, 422; support required for economic rehabilitation, 734–735, 737, 739, 741–742, 744–746
• Economic problems in China (see also Financial situation in China; Inflation problem in China): Conditions in various provinces, 546, 554–557; criticism of tax program, 508; deterioration in economic situation, and efforts of Government to relieve, 523–526, 530; economic mission to China, proposed, 705–706; liberation of Burma, effect on, 546–547; threat to power of Kuomintang, 266; views of Chou En-lai, 199
• Economic problems in Sinkiang, 230–231, 236–240, 243, 245–246, 260
• Economic warfare by United Nations, effect on of a collapse of Chinese resistance, 77–82
• Education in China, development of, 256; in Malaya, development of, 25
• Educators. See Teachers.
• Egypt, exchange of diplomatic representatives with China, 193, 196
• Eliot, George Fielding, 68
• Emigration of technicians from China to Sinkiang, 260
• Epidemics, reports concerning, 30–31, 34
• Eurasia Corporation, 673–679
• Evacuations, abandonment of lend-lease supplies during, 588–589
• Exchange rates. See under Financial situation in China.
• Expenditures from national budget of China: Curtailment of, 525, 530–531, 539; inflationary effect of, 502–503
• Exports of strategic materials from China, amounts available, 633–639, 641–642, 644, 646, 649–652, 655, 657–660, 662–666, 669–672
• Extraterritorial rights in China, negotiations leading to treaty for relinquishment by United States, 268–418
  • “Brief” as opposed to comprehensive treaty, question of, 284–285, 286, 288–290, 291–292, 295, 397
  • British treaty, negotiations concurrently with U. S. negotiations (see also U. S.-British consultation and cooperation, infra), 340, 341, 358, 387–388, 402–403, 405–406, 410–412, 414–415; text signed Jan. 11, 1943, citation to, 418
  • Chinese attitude (see also U. S.-Chinese discussions, infra), 287, 288, 311–312, 313, 360–361
  • Desirability of undertaking negotiations, U. S. considerations pro and contra, 268–275, 278–279, 288–290
  • Drafts: Treaty text, 298–301, 333–336; exchanges of notes, 346–347, 381–383, 401, 402, 406, 408
  • Public opinion in United States, 280, 282, 287
  • Signing of treaty, arrangements for, 409, 410, 412, 415, 416
  • Subjects under consideration:
    • Civil and contractual rights of foreign nationals, 285, 289–290, 367, 388, 411
    • Coastal trade and inland navigation, safeguarding rights of foreign nationals, 300, 315, 318–321, 323–327, 330–331, 334–343, 346–347, 349–350, 353–361, 365–368, 370–375, 377, 379–402, 404–410
    • Commercial interests of American nationals (see also Coastal trade, supra), 389–390, 394–395, 400
    • Diplomatic and consular officers, 300, 316, 318–321, 323–327, 330–331, 334–337, 340, 342–346, 353, 358–359, 361, 365–366, 370–371, 375, 379–380, 382, 385, 392–393
    • Extraneous matters not covered in agreement, question of, 368–370, 377–378, 382, 384–386, 389, 393–394, 402, 407–408
    • Foreign pilots, 354, 359, 366, 367, 369–372, 381–384, 393, 396, 404–405, 411
    • International Settlements at Shanghai and Amoy, 284, 285, 290, 299, 314, 322–324, 326–327, 330, 333–335, 337–339, 342, 346–347, 352–353, 359, 361, 365, 370–371, 375, 381, 392–393, 403–404; special status for Shanghai, question of, 292, 292–294, 295–296
    • Most-favored-nation clause, Chinese attitude, 353, 360–361, 375
    • Preamble on equality and reciprocity, 346, 348, 351, 354, 357–358, 361–365, 371, 373, 375–378, 392, 411–414, 416
    • Real property owned by foreign nationals, 272, 273, 285, 290, 294, 299–300, 315, 318–324, 326–327, 330, 333–335, 337–339, 342, 346, 352–353, 359, 361, 365, 370–371, 375, 379, 382, 385, 388, 392–393, 403–404
    • Rendition of British concessions at Tientsin and Canton, 302, 316, 321, 331
    • Special courts for foreign nationals, abolition of, 287, 356, 366–367, 369–372, 380–383; U.S. “oral” statement to Chinese Government concerning administration of justice, 417–418
    • Taxation of foreign nationals, 337–338, 359
    • Travel and residence rights of foreign nationals, 285, 290, 387, 411
    • Treaty ports, abolition of, 354, 366–367, 369–372, 385–387, 393, 404–405, 407, 411
    • Warships, foreign, special rights for, 367, 371–372, 380–383, 393
  • Text signed Jan. 11, 1943, citation to, 418
  • Texts, draft. See Drafts, supra.
  • U. S.-British consultation and cooperation:
    • Exchange of views concerning question of opening negotiations, 275–278, 279–288, 291–297, 301–306; concerning draft treaty, 308–309, 312, 313–317, 317–328, 329–331, 337, 339–340, 341–344, 347–350, 355–358, 360–361, 364–373, 375–376, 383, 386–388, 390–392, 395–399, 401–402, 403–404, 405–406, 415
    • Notifications of intention to open negotiations for treaty:
      • To Chinese Government, Oct. 9, 304, 307–308; appreciation of Chinese Government and people, 309–310, 311–312, 317
      • To the press, Oct. 10, 303, 304–306, 309
  • U. S.-Chinese discussions, 309–311, 329, 332–333, 337–339, 344–347, 350–355, 358–359, 362–364, 374, 376–383, 383–386, 388–390, 392–395, 399–401, 404–405, 407–410, 412–414, 416
• Famine and floods in Honan, 253
• Far East: Attitudes of United Nations toward, 79–80; loss of U.S. prestige in, 136
• Fascism, 208–209
• Federal Loan Agency, U.S., 454
• Fifth column activities in China, 37
• Financial aid to China. See Loans and credits to China.
• Financial relations between United States and China. See Financial situation in China; Loans and credits to China.
• Financial situation in China (see also Loans and credits to China):
  • Chinese assets in United States, unfreezing of, 499, 511, 527–528, 532, 537–539, 557–558
  • Currency black markets, 544–545, 548–549, 550, 551, 552, 560–562
  • Exchange rates and currency regulation, 499, 503–504, 505–507, 529–530, 534, 536–538, 540, 541–543, 544, 549–550, 551–552, 554, 558–562, 564
  • Export of securities and foreign currencies from China to friendly countries, 544–545, 550, 558–559, 560, 564
  • Gold purchases by China from United States, question of, 527–528, 532, 537, 539, 541, 543–544, 551, 558, 562–563
  • Resolutions adopted by Third People’s Political Council and by Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, 255–257, 261, 262
• Foreign courts in China. See Special courts.
• Foreign exchange. See Financial situation in China: Exchange rates.
• Foreign Licensed Pilots Association, 366, 372
• Foreign military forces in China: Need for in offensive operations, 15, 18–22; status of after relinquishment of extraterritorial rights, 338, 359
• Foreign nationals in China. See Extraterritorial rights.
• Formosa, 174, 186, 732–733
• Fox, A. Manuel (see also Chinese Stabilization Board), 419, 517, 523, 530–532
• France, consideration of proposals for military intervention by China in Indochina, 749–760
• Freedom of the press (see also Censorship): Application of in United States, 157–158, 166, 169–171, 189, 262; Chinese attempts to curtail in United States, 158, 167–171
• French Indochina. See Indochina.
• Friendship of United States for China, traditional, statement of, 160–165
• Fuel oils. See Gasoline supplies.
• Gandhi, Mohandas K., 33–34
• Gas warfare, charges of Japanese use of, 60–61, 67
• Gasoline supplies: Ration and requisition, proposals for, 525; requirements for transporting lend-lease supplies to China, 596–598, 608, 610, 613, 616–619, 622; requirements for transport of strategic materials from China, 634–637
• German influence among Chinese army officers, alleged, 209
• Germany: Chinese negotiations with in event of Axis victory, 101–102; concentration by United Nations on primary defeat of, Chinese objections to, 4, 9, 10, 35, 54–55, 84–85, 100, 115, 136–137, 209, 229; post war treatment of, proposed, 210; threats against Sweden, 752
• Gold purchases by China from United States, question of, 527–528, 532, 537, 539, 541, 543–544, 551, 558, 562–563
• Grants in aid for Chinese teachers, 702, 704, 724–726
• Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
• Hawaii, U.S. unwillingness to grant Chinese request for formation of Chinese Volunteer Corps in, 728–729.
• Highways, use in furnishing lend-lease supplies to China. See Supply routes to China.
• Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 153
• Hoarding, effect on national economy of China, 508, 512, 525
• Honan, crop failure in, 253
• Hong Kong, 270, 369, 403
• Hopkins, Harry L., 16, 57, 60, 61, 63, 85, 88, 94, 95, 577
• Hull, Cordell, message on fifth anniversary of Chinese resistance to Japanese aggression, 94; reply of Chiang Kai-shek, 103–104
• Immigration situation, Chinese interest in liberalizing, 344–345, 347–348, 352
• Imperialism, denunciation of by China, 258–259
• Imports into China from Soviet Union, grant of dollar cover for, 543, 553–554
• Indemnities under Boxer Protocol, 316, 338, 349
• India: Chinese demand for use of U.S. troops in, 110–112; Chinese concern over political situation in, 141; Chinese military forces in, 126, 127; Communists in, 102; imminence of Japanese aggression on, 115, 147, 153, 180–181; independence of, Chinese policy toward, 100, 134; lack of effort by, charges of, 38, 40–41; military and political situation in, views of Chiang Kai-shek and Roosevelt, 761; National Congress, 100; postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim; shipment of lend-lease supplies via, 600; supply of lend-lease items from stockpiles in, 577, 582–584, 586–587; training centers for Chinese military forces, 174
• Indochina, French:
  • Defensive agreement with Japan, 749–751, 754
  • Imminence of attack on China via, 180–182, 187–188, 190
  • Military intervention by China: Consideration of proposals for, 749–760; effect on French relations with other countries, 750–755; estimates of effect on military situation, 8, 126–131, 147, 751–753, 755–756, 757–760; political considerations, 750–754, 756
  • Postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim
  • Postwar problems, internal, 70
• Indochina-Thailand railway, 143, 183
• Industrial cooperatives, Chinese, credits to, 525
• Industrial production: Chinese, 78, 531; U. S., Chinese impressions of, 174
• Industry, Chinese: Postwar plans for nationalization of, 741–742; status in 1942, 531
• Inflation problem in China, 103, 204, 420, 424, 428, 464, 466, 467, 497–498, 502, 506, 508, 510, 512, 515–517, 524–526, 530, 533, 536–537, 539, 545–547, 548
• Inland waterway navigation in China, safeguarding rights of foreign nationals after relinquishment of extraterritorial rights, 300, 315, 318–321, 323–327, 330–331, 334–343, 346–347, 349–350, 353–361, 365–368, 370–375, 377, 379–402, 404–410
• Inspection of armaments, international, proposed, 186
• Interference in shipments of strategic materials from China through enemy action, possibilities of, 645, 650, 653–654, 661
• Internal problems of postwar China, 70
• Internal solidarity resolution of Kuomintang, 260–267
• Internal transport, Chinese requests for planes for, 673–679
• International control of armaments, 186
• International security, postwar, Chinese interest in, 174, 736–737, 740, 743–744
• International Settlements at Shanghai and Amoy. See under Extraterritorial rights: Subjects under consideration.
• Iran (see also under Supply routes to China: Chinese efforts, etc.): Exchange of diplomatic representatives with China, 196; treaty of amity with China, 193, 196
• Iraq: Exchange of diplomatic representatives with China, 196; treaty of amity with China, 193, 196
• Irrawaddy River, relinquishment by China of navigation rights on, 396, 405–406
• Islamic states. See Moslem states.
• Italy, preliminary treaty of amity and commerce with China, 1928, 342–343
• Japan:
  • Aggression by. See Aggression by Japan.
  • Benefits to of a Chinese collapse, 74–82, 143–145
  • Compromise settlement with by China, effect on strategy of, 81
  • Concentration on primary defeat of, Chinese interest in, 35, 54–55, 84–85, 102, 106, 221
  • Cost of occupation of China, 21
  • Desirability to United Nations of hostilities with Soviet Union, views of Chinese official, 82–85
  • Imminence of aggression against China via Burma and/or Indochina, 180–182, 187–188, 190; against Soviet Union, 99–101, 117, 199, 208, 245, 602
  • Military forces: Activities of occupying forces in China, 14–15, 18–22, 24–25; Allied estimate of plans, 66; area of conquest in China, 73; charged with gas warfare, 60–61, 67; concentration on Thailand–Burma border, 6; conservation for aggressive action, 104–105; effect on China of possible operations against Soviet Union, 42, 50, 69–70; estimated strength in China and in Southeast Asia, 26, 73, 156; extent of gains in CBI theater, 38, 40–41
  • Peace overtures by China, threats of, 43, 47, 81, 92, 99–102, 103–112, 114, 117, 120, 136–137, 143, 198, 457–458, 602
  • Postwar political status, estimates of, 70, 210
  • Postwar relations with China, 742, 747
  • Strategy, Allied estimate of, 66
  • Treaty of alliance with Thailand, 37–38, 40
  • War against: Air operations, Allied, 124–125; Chekiang–Kiangsi campaign, 102–105; defensive policy in, Chinese attitude toward, 8–10, 16, 54–55, 84–85; dependence on China by United Nations, 41, 99–101, 106, 107–110, 113, 117, 119, 122–123, 135, 143–145, 592, 599–600, 602–603; dissatisfaction by China with United Nations conduct of war, 6; effect on Asiatic peoples, 2–3; effect of United Nations defeats on China, 4–5, 27; effect on China of loss of war, 16, 18–19; effort required of China by United Nations, 252; estimate of Communist effort, 208; extent of Nationalist effort, 78–79, 104–106, 121, 207–208, 251–252, 263; faith of China in United Nations victory, 5; Indochina, intervention by China, proposals for, 749–760; Kunming, Japanese penetration toward, 42–43, 47–58, 64–68, 181; outlook for China in 1943, 188; plans of Chinese military forces, 72; prospects for China in early 1942, 42–43, 47–48, 50–55, 68–69; Soviet Union, imminence of participation in, 25, 429
• Johnson, Col. Louis A., 56–57, 58
• Joint staff in China: Appointment of General Stilwell as chief, 9; establishment, 11; representation on, 1–2
• Knox, Frank, 4, 9–10, 16, 35
• Korea:
  • Independence, postwar: Chinese interest in, 70, 174; inclusion of Soviet Union in discussions, 186
  • Postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim, 762
  • Provisional government for, exchange of views between United States and China regarding, 762
• Kowloon leased territory, 411, 414–415
• Kunming: Japanese penetration toward, 42–43, 47–58, 64–68; panic at, 87
• Kuomintang-Communist relations:
  • Agreement on Kuomintang Manifesto, 263–267
  • Attacks on Communists by Nationalists, 246–247
  • Benefits to Communists of Kuomintang lack of foresight, 266
  • Blockade of Communist military forces by Nationalists, 199
  • Communist-controlled areas, reversion of control to Kuomintang, 232–240
  • Communist Party publication, editorial, 240–241
  • Communist statement on cooperation with Kuomintang, 263–264
  • General, 26, 99–101, 202–203, 226–229, 260–267
  • Integration of military forces, proposals for, 232–236, 240–241, 246–247
  • Invitation to Communists to participate in Government, 232–240, 246–247
  • Military conversations between leaders, 232–233, 235–241
  • Observations of Chou En-lai and other Chinese leftists, 206–211, 246–247
  • Propaganda against Communists, 200–201
  • Sian conference on relations, 232–233, 235–241
  • Sinkiang, relations in, 229–233, 236–243, 245–247, 260
  • Statements by Chinese Communist Party, 228–229, 240–241, 263–264
  • U. S. attitude toward threatened Kuomintang-Communist conflict, 243–244, 246, 248–251
• Kuomintang Party: Estimate of political influence and conduct of, 212–214, 224–225; expression of aims of, 262, 266; internal solidarity, resolution on, 260–267; party police, 217, 221, 226; representation of in government, 211; strengthening influence on government, 261–263, 266
• Land reform. See Agrarian reform.
• Land tax, institution of, 531
• Lattimore, Owen, 46, 177, 185–187
• Lend-Lease Act (Mar. 11, 1941), proposal for amendment to include financial aid to China, 424, 437, 440, 451
• Lend-Lease Administration, role in technical assistance to China, 719
• Lend-Lease agreement with China: Negotiations, 566–572; text signed June 2, citation to, 572
• Lend-Lease agreement with United Kingdom, 473–474
• Lend-Lease program for China (see also Supply routes to China), 573–590
  • Military assistance under:
    • Air freight service for, 576–577, 581, 584–588; estimates of tonnage capacities, 586–588
    • Arsenal materials, acute need for, 583, 585
    • Assam airfields, use of, 577, 581
    • British manufactures, supply of items of, 578
    • Delays in unloading cargoes, 7, 13, 573–576
    • Military equipment: Abandonment of during evacuations, 588, 589; diversion of materials intended for China, 583; procedure for forwarding to China, 580–581; radio equipment, requests for, 584; shipment to China through Soviet Union, 588; supply from stockpiles in India, 577, 582–584, 586–587
  • Political benefits to China, 15, 18, 24–25
  • Proper use of supplies: Question of insuring, 115–116, 129, 227; reports of misuse, 588–590
  • Use of reciprocal lend-lease for maintenance of U.S. military personnel, question of, 536–537
• Literature, American, dissemination of to Chinese public. See Technical assistance to China.
• Litvinov, Maxim, 141, 239
• Liu Chiu Islands. See Ryukyu Islands.
• Loan agreement, U.S.-China, signed Mar. 21. See under Loans and credits: U.S. credit of $500,000,000.
• Loans and credits to China:
  • Bond issue. See Domestic bond issue, infra.
  • British loan: Chinese request for £100,000,000, and British consideration, 419, 420, 430, 431, 446, 447; decision for loan of £50,000,000 together with an arrangement to supply military equipment, 455n , 456; draft financial aid agreement, discussion of, 517–523; negotiations for utilization of loan funds, 511, 553
  • Domestic bond issue supported by foreign credits: Question of, 426–427, 430, 461–462, 462–464, 469–470; U. S. dollar-backed bonds and savings certificates, 495, 500, 503–504, 506, 510, 513, 525, 531, 533, 544–545, 547–548, 558
  • Inflation problem, relation to, 420, 424, 428, 464, 466, 467, 497–498, 502, 508, 510, 512, 516–517, 524–526, 533, 545–547, 548
  • Monopolies of Chinese Government, relation to, 495–498, 502–503, 504–505, 508–509
  • Stabilization arrangement of 1937, U. S.-China: Chinese liquidation of debt under, 527–528, 532, 537, 538, 539, 550; extension of arrangement, 550–551, 557–558, 562–563, 565; funds available under, 451, 519, 521
  • Stabilization Board, Chinese, question of role in administration of loans to China, 420, 433, 461, 462, 464–466
  • Stabilization Fund. See Stabilization arrangement, supra.
  • U. S. credit of $500,000,000 to China, 419–495
    • Bond issue supported by. See Utilization of funds, infra.
    • Chinese requests for loan, 429–433, 445
    • Discussions among State Department, Treasury Department, and other U. S. Government officials (see also Military expenditures, infra), 419–421, 423–428, 433–435, 441–447, 448–449, 450–454; recommendations of Secretary of State and President Roosevelt, 454–455
    • Discussions with British Government, 421–422, 425, 435, 447, 455
    • Implementation and related matters, 500, 509–515, 524–526, 532–533, 539, 541, 543–544
    • Legislation by Congress, Feb. 7, 456
    • Loan agreement signed at Washington, Mar. 21: Discussions, preliminary, regarding means for making funds immediately available, 458–460, 461–466, 470; negotiations concerning drafts, 470–472, 475–490, 492–494; press comment and official publicity in China, 494–495; text, citation to, 490; U. S.Chinese exchange of felicitations upon conclusion of agreement, 490–492
    • Military expenditures, Chinese, question of U. S. assistance in financing, 435–441, 444, 449–450
    • Opinion of Chinese Government that credit should be considered as a gift, reports concerning, 269, 475, 486–488
    • President Roosevelt: Approval of financial aid, and recommendation to Congress, 454–455; correspondence with Chiang Kai-shek and H. H. Kung, 456–457, 460, 468, 491, 492
    • Utilization of funds: Discussions and proposals concerning, 467, 473–475, 488–490; issuance of domestic bonds and savings certificates backed by U. S. dollars, 495, 500, 503–504, 506, 510, 513, 525, 531, 533, 544–545, 547–548, 558
  • U. S. Wood Oil Loan of 1939, repayment of, 501–502, 503
• Luce, Clare Boothe, 41
• MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 3, 34
• Magruder, Brig. Gen. John A., 6, 11, 13–16, 17–18, 22, 24, 42–44, 45–46, 55, 589
• Malaya: British withdrawal from, 7, 8, 21; promotion of education in, 256; postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim
• Manchuria: Plans for liberation of, 174; postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim
• Marshall, Gen. George C., 17, 20, 32, 42–46, 159, 173, 177, 573, 576
• McKinley, President William, declaration in 1900 on U. S. policy toward China, 250
• Merchant vessels owned by foreign nationals in China. See Coastal navigation.
• Mercury, U. S. arrangements to obtain from China. See Strategic materials
• Middle East, 89, 92, 95–96
• Military aid to Chinese Communists, 69, 208, 237–243, 245–246
• Military assistance to China by Soviet Union, 83–84, 115, 199
• Military assistance to China by United States (see also Lend-Lease program; Supply routes to China):
  • Air forces: Chinese ability to maintain, question of, 105, 106, 111, 121; commander of U.S. personnel, Chinese unfavorable attitude toward, 146; demands for by China, 110–113, 118–119; diversion of aircraft intended for China, 89, 92, 95–96, 106, 111, 151, 578–579; effect of U. S. reinforcements on morale, 80, 124–126, 128, 130, 132, 137–140, 147, 150, 155; employment in bombardment of Japan, 26, 27, 65, 91–93, 131, 132; maintenance plans for aircraft, 581; necessity for maintaining, 149–151, 585; number of aircraft allocated for internal use in China, 676–678; potentialities of, 132, 139–140, 145; request for dispatch to China theater, 61–62, 64–67; pilots, Chinese, training of, 150; statistics on requirements in personnel and facilities, 150, 156; support by American Volunteer Group, 120
  • Benefits to China, 252
  • Burma Road, use in transporting supplies, 5, 126–131
  • Considerations influencing, 27–28, 269
  • Continuous flow, importance of maintaining, 592–593
  • Criticism of United Nations effort by China, 131, 133, 135–139, 149, 151
  • Extent of aid to China, 20–22, 24–25
  • Impracticability of Chinese demands, 14, 18–19, 24–25
  • Logistical problems connected with, 130
  • Military equipment: Cash payments for, 580; Chinese demands for, 110–112, 133; difficulty in transporting, 130; effects on supply of, in event of Chinese collapse, 77–78; need of by China, 15, 18–22, 24–25, 27, 31, 41–58, 64–67, 85, 88–92, 104–105, 109, 113–114, 117, 121–122, 128, 135–139, 162; political considerations involved, 137–139; ruling on munitions supply, 85, 88; technical considerations involved, 80–82
  • Views of Chinese Communists, 100
• Military control of American-owned air services, proposals for, 673–679
• Military Councils in Chungking, 429
• Military expenditures by China: Financing from U. S. loan, 436–441, 444–445, 449–450, 452–453, 459–460; from national budget, 254–255, 531, 546; percentage of budget, 254–255
• Military intervention by China in Indochina. See under Indochina.
• Military mission to United States, Chinese, 175–179
• Military missions to China, U.S. See Magruder, Brig. Gen. John A., and Stilwell, Gen. Joseph W.
• Military operations against Japan. See China–Burma–India Theater; Japan: War against.
• Military situation in China: Effect on consideration of loan to China, 442–443, 501, 518; military outlook for 1943, 188; prewar military situation, 72; military prospects in early 1942, 42–43, 47–48, 50–55, 68–69; opinions of Soviet Ambassador in China, 123–124; reappraisal of, 129–131, 144–145; Stilwell-Chiang conversation on, 105–106; views of Chinese officials and Chinese Communists, 98–102
• Minerals, U.S. arrangements to obtain from China. See Strategic materials.
• Ministry of Economic Warfare, proposed for China, 254, 257–258
• Minorities, Moslem, in China, 195, 196
• Missionaries and mission property in China, 290, 339, 359, 540, 548–552
• Missions to China, special:
  • British Parliamentary Goodwill Mission, 154–155
  • Currie, Lauchlin, 62–63, 94–96, 114, 118, 120, 123–124, 159
  • Military missions. See Magruder, Brig. Gen. John A., and Stilwell, Gen. Joseph W.
  • Willkie, Wendell, visit to China as special representative of President Roosevelt, 140, 141–142, 152, 160–165, 171–172, 245
• Mobilization Law of China, 254, 508, 509–510
• Mongolia. See Outer Mongolia.
• Monopolies of Chinese Government: Foreign loans, relation to, 495–498, 502–503, 504–505, 508–509; probability of postwar continuation of, 741–742
• Morale in China (see also War-weariness):
  • Chinese agencies, 206
  • Effect of—
    • Burma campaign, 187
    • Military assistance program, 124–126, 128, 130, 132, 137–140, 147, 150, 155
    • U. S. loan, 530
  • Evidences of changes in, 192
  • Faith in United Nations victory, 5
  • Military forces, spirit of, 102, 121
• Morale, Japanese, effect of Chinese resistance on, 78–82, 105, 124
• Moslem National Salvation Confederation, Chinese, conference of, 194–196
• Moslem states, Chinese relations with, 193–195, 196
• Most-favored-nation clauses, Chinese attitude, 353, 360–361, 375
• Motion pictures on aspects of American life, role in cultural relations program for China, 699, 701, 703–704, 709, 716–717, 719–720
• Motor vehicles, estimates of requirements and maintenance, for use on supply routes to China, 595–596, 599, 608–610, 613–623
• Munitions. See Military assistance to China by United States: Military equipment.
• Munitions Assignment Committee, ruling on munitions supply to China, 85, 88
• National budget of China: Curtailment of expenditures from, 525, 530, 531, 539; effect of inflation on, 421; military expenditures from, 254–255, 531, 546
• National Commission on Aeronautical Affairs, Chinese, 673
• National Government of China. See Chinese Government.
• National Mobilization Law, Chinese, 254, 508, 509–510
• National solidarity. See Political unity of China.
• National Troop Comforting Association, Chinese, 206
• Nationalism, expression of in Asia, 288
• Nationalist military forces. See Chinese Government: Military forces.
• Nationalization of industry in China, postwar plans for, 741–742
• Naval vessels. See Warships.
• Navigation rights. See Coastal navigation.
• Netherlands East Indies: Necessity for defending, 4; postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim
• Netherlands Government, action on relinquishment of extraterritorial rights in China, 341, 387
• New Life Movement, Chinese, 206
• “New Territories”, British attitude on question of status after relinquishment of extraterritorial rights in China, 414–415
• Northeastern provinces of China, Chinese interest in postwar political status of, 730–748 passim
• Northwestern provinces of China, development of, 256
• Norway, action on relinquishment of extraterritorial rights in China, 341, 387
• Occupied areas of China: Activities of Japanese military forces, 14–15, 18–22, 24–25; cost of occupation to Japanese, 21; extent of Japanese [Page 777] occupation, 73; remittances covering trade with, regulation of export to, 535–536, 554
• Office of Strategic Services, dispatch of special mission to General Stilwell via India and Tibet, 624–625, 628
• Office of War Information: Censorship functions, 169–170, 189; role in technical assistance program in China, 719–721
• Oil production by China, 230, 231, 243
• Oil supplies to China. See Gasoline supplies.
• Open ports. See Extraterritorial rights: Subjects under consideration: Commercial interests; Treaty ports.
• Outer Mongolia: Chinese claim on, 688–689; self-government in, 239; U.S. diplomatic and consular representation in, proposals for, 687–693
• Overseas Board, Chinese, 205
• Overseas Chinese: Efforts of Chinese Government to support, 731–732, 734–735, 746–748; postwar development of enterprises of, 256–257
• “Pacific Charter”, Chinese demands for declaration on, 730, 738, 739
• Pacific Council (in London), approval of Chinese participation in, 16
• Pacific Theater, 102, 106
• Pan American Airways, 673–679
• Peace, “Big Four” seen as guardians of, 186
• Peace conference, postwar, 77, 82, 100–101, 210
• Peace overtures by China, threats of, 43, 47, 81, 92, 99–101, 101–102, 104–114, 117, 120, 136–137, 143, 198, 457–458, 602
• Peiping Diplomatic Quarter, transfer of administration and control to China, 299, 322, 352
• Peiping-Hankow-Canton railway, 190
• Philippines, postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim
• Pilots: Foreign commercial pilots in China, relinquishment of special rights for, 354, 359, 366–367, 369–372, 381–384, 393, 396, 404–405, 411; military pilots, training of, 150
• Planning, Allied. See United Nations: Liaison.
• Planning, postwar. See Postwar planning by China.
• Political Board, Chinese, 205, 206
• Political organizations in China: Role in support of postwar planning, 731, 736, 740, 741, 743–744, 746–748; wartime control of by Government, question of, 252–253
• Political Science Society, Chinese, 215, 219–222
• Political situation in China. See Chinese Government and subject headings.
• Political unity of China: Efforts by China to maintain, 247, 261–267, 270; role of Chiang Kai-shek in maintaining, 16, 18–22, 24–25, 135–136, 270
• Portugal, preliminary treaty of amity and commerce with China, 1928, 343, 352
• Postwar aims of Communists, 228–229
• Postwar financial aid to China, question of, 257, 288
• Postwar planning by China: Economic rehabilitation, support required for, 734, 735, 737, 739, 741, 742, 744–746; Formosa, postwar status, interest of China in, 732–733; internal security, Chinese views on, 736–737, 740, 743–744; Japan, postwar relations with, 742, 747; overseas Chinese, efforts of Government to support, 731–735, 746–748; “Pacific Charter”, demands for declaration on, 730, 738–739; political organizations, role of, 731, 736, 740–741, 743–744, 746–748; political regimes in Asia, 185–187; potential postwar developments seen as threat to Kuomintang power, 266–267; Ryukyu Islands, postwar status, Chinese interest in, 732–733; Southeast Asia, political status of, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim; Soviet Union, postwar relations with, 742; Wang’s address regarding, 743–744
• Postwar world organization, Chinese desire for establishment of United Nations Executive Council, 174
• Press activities:
  • British, protests by China at censorship failure, 167–168
  • Chinese: Government control of news agencies, 158, 167–170, 200–201, 205, 228; “Third Front,” demands for, 85
  • U.S.: Attempts by China to influence control of, 158, 167–171; criticism by China, 157–158, 165–171 passim; exaggeration of Chinese accomplishments, 15, 18–22, 24–25, 28, 207–208, 246, 271; misuse of lend-lease equipment, reports of, 588–590; unfavorable mention of China, 157–158, 165–171
• Prestige in Far East, loss of by United States, 136
• Price controls on commodities in China, program for, 255–256, 261–262
• Professors, grants in aid for, 702, 704, 724–726
• Propaganda activities in China:
  • Against Communists, 200–201
  • By foreigners, 203, 207; by Japanese, 74–76, 78–82, 430; by Soviet Union, 69; by United States, 110, 112, 210
  • Chinese agencies, 205–206
  • Effect on United States, 14, 18–22, 24–25
  • Exaggeration of Chinese successes, 86, 148, 149
  • Government control of, 203–205
  • Thailand, efforts to influence, 32–33
  • United Nations: Joint war effort, relation to, 36; uses of propaganda in Asia, 76–77, 80–82
• Property owned by foreign nationals in China. See Extraterritorial rights: Subjects: Real property.
• Protection of foreign nationals in China after relinquishment of extraterritorial rights. See Extraterritorial rights.
• Provincial People’s Assembly, 234–235
• Psychological warfare activities. See Propaganda activities in China.
• Radio: Activities in United States, exaggeration of Chinese accomplishments, 15–16, 18–22, 24–25; Chinese requests for equipment, 584; programs, role in cultural relations program for China, 699, 701, 703–704, 717, 719–721
• Railways, proposed routes for shipment of lend-lease supplies to China, 593–594, 597, 600, 602, 605–608, 610–611, 613–615, 617, 619, 622
• Rangoon, British delay of lend-lease cargoes in, 2–3, 573–576
• Real property in China owned by foreign nationals. See under Extraterritorial rights: Subjects under consideration.
• Recall of Chinese Ambassador in United States, 132–139
• Recognition by United States of a provisional Korean Government, question of, 762
• Reform Party in China, history of, 219n
• Resistance to Japan by China. See Aggression by Japan.
• Revolts in Chinese history, 194
• Road construction for shipments of military supplies to China, 56, 577
• Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
  • Assurances to China of U.S. support, 13, 44–45, 50, 52, 80, 89, 95–96, 97–98, 138–139, 576
  • Chiang Kai-shek, communications with. See Assurances to China, supra, and under Chiang-Kai-shek.
  • Loans and credits to China: Correspondence concerning U. S. $500,000,000 credit, 454–455, 456–457, 460, 468, 491, 492; expression of appreciation to Chiang Kai-shek for Chinese repayment of Wood Oil Loan of 1939, 503
  • Statement, Jan. 5, regarding gas warfare, 67
• Russia. See Soviet Union.
• Ryukyu Islands: Plans for liberation of, 174; postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 732–733
• Salt monopoly by Chinese Government, 496–497
• Self-government, local, Chinese plans for, 261
• Shanghai International Settlement. See Extraterritorial rights: Subjects under consideration: International Settlements.
• Shanghai Power Company, 294, 352, 359
• Shanghai Telephone Company, 359
• Shipping rights. See Extraterritorial rights: Subjects under consideration: Commercial interests.
• Sian conference on Kuomintang-Communist relations, 232–233, 235–241
• Silk, U.S. arrangements to obtain from China. See Strategic materials.
• Sinkiang Province: China’s relation to and plans in connection with, 260, 689; relations with Soviet Union, 227–228, 230–233, 236–243, 245–247
• Solidarity, Chinese national. See Political unity of China.
• South America, possibility of Axis attack on, 7–8
• Southeast Asia: Effect of spread of war on, 2–3; expressions of nationalism in, 3; postwar political regimes for, discussions on, 185–187; postwar political status of, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim
• Southern Pacific area: Liaison with U. S. commander in, 2; political considerations influencing military action in, 138; postwar political regimes for, discussion of, 185–187
• Southwest Pacific area, clarification of authority of supreme commander for, 3, 34
• Soviet Union:
  • Aid from United States, question of, 59, 112, 141
  • Asia, desirability of including Soviet Union in discussions regarding, 186
  • China, relations with:
    • Aid to China 68–69, 83, 84, 115, 199; to Chinese Communists, 237–243, 245–246
    • Desire of China for Soviet entrance into the war with Japan, 25
    • Imports into China from Soviet Union, dollar cover for, 543, 553–554
    • Point of view of Chinese officials toward, 141, 240
    • Postwar relations, 100, 742
    • Soviet representation on joint staff in China, 1–2
    • Supply routes and shipments to China via Soviet Union, 588, 605, 607–609, 613, 619–621; political considerations involved in decision to furnish supply route to China, 591–592, 594, 596, 598–600, 602–604, 606–608, 611, 620–621
    • Territorial concessions from China, expectation of, 238
  • Effect on United Nations of a Japanese attack on, 42, 50, 69–70
  • Emphasis on primary defeat of Germany, 4, 35
  • Imminence of Japanese aggression against, question of, 82–85, 93, 99–101, 113, 115, 131, 147, 153, 180–181, 199, 208, 245, 602; of participation in war against Japan, 429
  • Sinkiang, relations with, 227–228, 230–233, 236–243, 245–247
  • Stalin, Iosif V., 112, 141, 245
• Special courts of foreign states in China, relinquishment of rights of, 287, 356, 366–367, 369–372, 380–383
• Special exchange rates for U. S. military personnel in China, 536–537, 540, 542–543, 552
• Spiritual Mobilization Movement, 206
• Stabilization arrangement, U.S.–China, 1937. See under Loans and credits to China.
• Stabilization Board. See Chinese Stabilization Board.
• Stabilization Fund. See Loans and credits: Stabilization arrangement.
• Stalin, Iosif V., 112, 141, 245
• Stark, Adm. Harold R., 17, 20
• Stilwell, Gen. Joseph W.:
  • Appointment as chief of Chiang Kai-shek’s joint staff in China, 9, 29
  • Conversation with Chiang on military situation, 105–106; with Ambassador Gauss on reports of Chinese peace overtures, 109–114
  • Dispatch to China as head of military mission, 17–18
  • Expedition to retake Burma, proposed, 125–128, 182–185
  • Qualifications as U. S. commander in China, 159
  • Report on military situation in China, 92, 93
  • Role in movement of lend-lease supplies into China, 638–640, 642, 648, 661
  • Tolstoy–Dolan (OSS) mission to General Stilwell, 624–625, 628
• Stockpiles of strategic materials in China, reports on, 634, 641–642, 646, 662–664
• Strategic materials from China for United States, U. S. arrangements to obtain, 632–672
  • Air ferry service for, 642, 644, 647–649, 651–652, 654–659, 661–672
  • Amounts available for export, 632–639, 641–642, 644, 646, 649–652, 655, 657–660, 662–666, 669–672
  • Commitments to and competition for by foreign countries, 633, 637, 639, 642–643, 645–649, 651–654, 656–662, 664–672
  • Interference with shipments through enemy action, 645, 650, 653–654, 661
  • Payment for, possible relation to Lend-Lease agreement, 567
  • Production: Extent of, 78, 633–640, 642, 644–645, 649, 651, 658, 660, 662, 665, 668–669; financial assistance to China to increase, 634–635, 642, 645, 665, 667–670
  • Quality of, checks on, 633, 643, 653, 655–656, 662, 667–668, 670
  • Stockpiles in China, reports on, 634, 641–642, 646, 662–664
  • Technical specialists to supervise purchases of, 635–636, 643–646, 648–650, 652–654
  • Transportation problems connected with delivery of, 634–635, 638–640, 641–644, 646–649, 652–653, 655–656, 659, 668, 671; gasoline requirements for transport, 634–637
• Strategic planning by China. See Japan: War against.
• Students, Chinese: Exemption from conscription, 509–510; training of under cultural relations program for China, 699, 701, 708–709, 715–716
• Sun Fo, 5, 8–10, 16, 98–102
• Sun Yat-sen, Mme., conversation on military situation, 98–102
• Supply routes to China for delivery of lend-lease materials:
  • Air ferry service, proposed routes for, 13, 593, 595–601, 604
  • Burma Road, use of, 5, 126–131, 183
  • Chinese efforts, with U.S. informal support, to establish supply routes via—
    • Afghanistan, 601
    • Iran, Soviet Union, and Sinkiang, 591–623
      • British facilities for transporting supplies, use of, 611–615, 620–622
      • Motor vehicle requirements and maintenance, estimates of, 595–596, 599, 608–610, 613–623
      • Railway routes, proposed, 593–594, 597, 600, 602, 605–608, 610–611, 613–615, 617, 619, 622
      • Sea routes, proposed, 594, 597, 621
      • Tonnage capacities, estimates of, 591–592, 595–597, 599, 608–610, 613–615, 617, 621–622
    • Tibet, 603, 624–631; British role in negotiations, 624, 626, 627–628, 630–631
  • Road construction, 56, 577
  • Roosevelt message on assurance of maintaining, 576
• Supreme Allied Command in China, 1–2, 25–26, 33–34, 124, 130
• Sweden, German threats against, 752
• Tariffs, question of a provision in Lend-Lease agreement with China concerning, 568–570
• Taxation in China, 337–338, 359, 508, 516, 525, 530, 531
• Teachers, Chinese: Emigration to Sinkiang, 260; grants in aid by United States, 702, 704, 724–726
• Technical assistance to China by United States (cultural relations program of State Department), 697–727
  • Books and periodicals, donation of, 28, 699, 701, 704, 708–709, 720, 726–727
  • British experts requested by China, U. S.-British correspondence concerning, 721–723
  • Chinese-American Institute of Cultural Relations, financial aid to, 708–710, 726–727
  • Economic mission to China, proposed, 705–706
  • Funds allotted for program, 697, 699, 708, 710, 715–717, 724–727
  • Liaison between State Department and other agencies in, 717–721
  • Motion pictures and radio programs on aspects of American life, 699, 701, 703–704, 709, 716–717, 719–721
  • Nature of items on program, 697–701
  • Personnel desired for program, 697–701, 707–708, 710–715, 718–719, 721, 723–724
  • Progress report, January–June, 1942, 714–717
  • Purpose of program, 697–700, 703, 714–715
  • Students, training of, 699, 701, 708–709, 715–716
  • Teachers, grants in aid to, 702, 704, 724–726
  • Technical and cultural experts, exchange of, 68, 697–701, 703–704, 706, 715, 724–726
• Technical specialists:
  • Chinese, emigration to Sinkiang, 260
  • Foreign: Exchanges of under technical assistance program for China, 697–701, 703–704, 706, 715, 724–726; to supervise purchases of strategic materials in China, 635–636, 643, 646, 648–650, 652–654
• Territorial concessions to China, question of, 103, 174; to Soviet Union by China, 238
• Territorial trusteeships in Southern Pacific and Southeast Asia, 185–187
• Thailand:
  • Continuance of U.S. recognition, 38
  • Postwar political status, Chinese interest in, 730–748 passim
  • Report of enemy concentration on Thailand-Burma border, 6
  • Treaties: Treaty of alliance with Japan, 37–38, 40; treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with United States (1937), 272
  • U. S. views on proposed Chinese statement, 32–33, 37–38, 39–40
• “Third Front” demand by Chinese press, 85
• Third Peoples Political Council, Chinese, report on inaugural meeting of, 251–252, 255–257
• Thirty-first anniversary of Chinese Republic, 311, 317
• Tibet: Autonomy for, 144–145, 239; Chinese claim on, 688–689; Chinese efforts to establish supply routes to China via, 603, 624–631; travel rights of U.S. nationals in, 624–625, 628
• Tin, U.S. arrangements to obtain from China. See Strategic materials.
• Tobacco monopoly of Chinese Government, 496–498, 502–503
• Tokyo air raid, 44
• Tonnage capacities: For air freight service, estimates, 586–588; over supply routes to China, estimated, 591–592, 595, 597, 599, 608–610, 613–615, 617, 621–622, 627–629
• Training centers for Chinese troops, 126, 127, 174
• Transport, internal, Chinese requests for planes for, 673–679
• Transportation. See Strategic materials and Supply routes to China.
• Travel and residence rights of foreign nationals in China, 285, 290, 387, 411; in Tibet, 624–625, 628
• Treaties, conventions, etc. (see also Extraterritorial rights; and under Chinese Government):
  • Anglo-Soviet treaty of May 26, 238, 245
  • Atlantic Charter (Aug. 14, 1941), 3, 37–38, 65–66, 162, 165, 567–568, 570, 738, 747, 765–766
  • Thailand: Treaty of alliance with Japan, 37–38, 40; treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation [Page 781] with United States (1937), cited, 272
  • United Nations Declaration, Jan. 1, 38, 65–66
• Treaty ports, abolition of after relinquishment of extraterritorial rights in China, 354, 366–367, 369–372, 385–387, 393, 404–405, 407, 411
• Tung oil, U.S. arrangements to obtain from China. See Strategic materials.
• Tungsten, U.S. arrangements to obtain from China. See Strategic materials.
• Turkey, exchange of diplomatic representatives with China, 196
• United Kingdom (see also Burma; Extraterritorial rights in China; India; Loans and credits to China):
  • Assistance to China:
    • Instructors for Chinese Air Force, question of, 171
    • Manufactures, supply of, 578
    • Military and air aid, attitude regarding, 150–152; views of R. A. F. officers, 152
    • Technical assistance, U. S.-British correspondence concerning, 721–723
  • British Dominions, 388
  • Censorship failures, Chinese criticism of, 167–168
  • Cripps, Sir Stafford, mission to China, 38, 40
  • Defeats of, Chinese criticism, 35–36
  • Germany, emphasis on primary defeat of, 4, 35, 54–55
  • Military attitude toward China, 33–34
  • Parliamentary Goodwill Mission to China, 154–155
  • Refusal of Chinese reinforcements, 5–7, 21
  • Representation on joint staff in China, 1–2
  • Supply routes to China: Role in negotiations for establishing, 626–631; use of facilities to transport supplies to China, 611–615, 620–622
  • Territorial trusteeships, concurrence in principle of, 186
  • Thailand, concurrence in expression of United Nations policy toward, 37–38, 39–40
  • Treaties, conventions, etc. (see also Extraterritorial rights; and under Chinese Government), Anglo-Soviet treaty of May 26, 238, 245
• United Nations:
  • ABCD Powers, 429–430
  • China: Attitude toward Chinese military forces, 33–34; communications with China, necessity for maintaining, 41, 43–58, 64–67, 89–92; contribution by China to war effort, 251–252, 592, 599–600, 602–603; defeats, Chinese reaction to, 4–5, 27, 95–96; dependence of China on, 100–101, 106, 127, 129; importance to United Nations of Chinese resistance, 27, 41, 76–82; military assistance to China, 20–22, 24–25; postwar establishment of United Nations Executive Council, Chinese desire for, 174; support of China, necessity for maintaining, 41–58, 64–67, 89–92, 259, 261; Supreme Command for United Nations in China, 1–2, 25–26, 33–34, 124, 130; war efforts, Chinese criticism of, 135–139; war potential of China, significance in over-all strategy of United Nations, 81
  • Confidence among, necessity for, 344–345, 348
  • Confidence in victory of, 5, 28
  • Far East, attitudes toward, 79–80
  • Germany, emphasis on primary defeat of, 4, 35, 54–55, 84–85
  • Liaison among: Difficulties with Chinese military mission in United States, 175–179; necessity for maintaining, 29, 32, 41, 43–58, 64–67, 85, 89–92, 102, 114, 117, 124, 135–139, 246, 252, 344–345, 348, 429; policy of Secretary of State on, 179–180
  • Military operations, divergence of opinions regarding, 120
  • Moslems, promotion of sentiment for among, 195, 196
  • Policy of cooperation enunciated by Secretary of State, 179–180
  • Thailand, United Nations attitude toward, 32–33, 37–38, 39–40
  • Unity of effort, factor in policy, 244
  • War aims, statement of, 273
• Unity of effort among United Nations: Factor in policy toward China, 244; stress on, 251–252; U.S. policy of encouragement, 248–251
• Universal Trading Corp., 501
• U.S. Congress, legislation authorizing $500,000,000 credit to China, 454–455, 456–458, 488
• U. S. Department of State (see also Loans and credits to China: U.S. credit: Discussions among State Department, Treasury Department, etc.; Technical assistance to China), support of Chinese requests for planes for internal transport in China, 673–679
• U.S. Treasury Department. See Loans and credits to China: U. S. credit: Discussions among State Department, Treasury Department, etc.
• Wang Chung-hui, address before Chinese Political Science Association, 743–744
• War aims: Of China, 174; statement by United Nations on, 273
• War Area Party Affairs Commission, Chinese, 205
• War materials. See Military assistance to China; Strategic materials.
• War potential of China: Estimate of, 71–82; industrial production, status in 1942, 531; military supplies, inventorying and controlling, 512; production of strategic materials, 78
• War production by United States, Chinese impressions of, 174
• War-weariness, evidences of in China, 42–58, 64–67, 72–73, 90–92, 117, 191, 199, 204, 253
• Warlordism, combating by Chinese Government, 222
• Warships, foreign: Assignment to Chinese use, 10–13, 22–23; relinquishment of special rights for, 367, 371–372, 380–383, 393
• Wartime agencies, U. S., liaison with State Department in cultural relations program for China, 717–721
• Wavell, Gen. Sir Archibald P., 5, 26, 38, 40, 126, 182, 429
• Welles, Sumner, 248n , 249–251
• “Whampoa Cadets,” 221–223
• Willkie, Wendell, visit to China, 140, 141–142, 152, 160–165, 171–172, 245
• Wolframite, U.S. arrangements to obtain from China. See Strategic materials.
• Wood Oil Loan to China (1939), repayment of, 501–502, 503
• World peace, “Big Four” as guardians of, 186
• Yunnan, military operations in, 42–43, 47–58, 64–67, 68, 113, 120, 173, 180–185, 187–188, 190
• Yunnan-Indochina railway, postwar control of, 70